Application of cold plasma for performing a typical resection of the spleen

Abstract

When the spleen is damaged, severe bleeding develops which can lead to death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cold plasma treatment for performing partial splenectomy as a new organ-preserving technique. Adult male rabbits were used as experimental animals. They were randomly separated into control (5 in total) and experimental (30 in total) groups. Animals from the experimental group had partial splenectomy with subsequent coagulation by cold plasma. Blood loss, complete blood count (CBC), histological tissue samples and splenograms were investigated after 60 min, 3, 5, 14, 90, 180 days following plasma treatment. Contrast-enhanced MR-angiography with 'Gadovist' was performed on the 90th day. The structure of the organ was normalized in the late periods. MR-imaging of the microcirculatory bed on the 90th day after the operation was normal. The effective hemostasis of the spleen in the experiment occurred after treatment with the plasma for 90-100 s. After hemostasis with plasma, spleen parenchyma was damaged, manifested by the general adaptation syndrome but at a later time it regenerated with the formation of a connective tissue scar at a later time. Functions of the spleen were not damaged. These results demonstrate the high efficiency of cold plasma treatment during surgical interventions.

Medical Gas Plasma—A Potent ROS-Generating Technology for Managing Intraoperative Bleeding Complications

“…Since then, many studies have emphasized the pro-coagulant potential of medical gas plasmas on blood from healthy donors. Moreover, sufficient hemostasis has been achieved in vivo on mouse saphenous veins [64], rat and mouse livers [8,65,66], and rabbit spleens [67], as well as acute skin wounds of mice and pigs [68,69] (Table A1).…”

“…Medical gas plasma technology provides hemostasis in a localized, controlled, and specific manner when applied to the injured side. Major advantages include preserving tissue integrity, few side effects, and restoring physiological tissue structure (restitutio ad integrum), which is emphasized by long-term studies in vivo [66,67]. In this view, the application of medical gas plasma is particularly eligible for hemostasis in sensitive tissues and several types of surgery in, e.g., unintended colon tissue damage during laporscopy or laparotomie, neurosurgical procedures, or cerebral microhemorrhages (CMBs).…”

“…Healing courses after liver and splenic resection in experimental mouse and rabbit models indicated few side effects of intra-operative bleeding control using medical gas plasma technology. Further, physiological tissue structure could be preserved, preventing major loss of functional tissue [66,67] and emphasizing gastrointestinal surgery as a feasible application field for gas plasma-mediated blood coagulation. Preservation of functional tissue and tissue integrity is not only relevant concerning long-term follow up of patients undergoing surgical procedures.…”

A Review of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas for Trauma and Acute Care

“…A recent surgically related example considered applying a 25 kV, 5 kHz air DBD with a discharge power density of 2 W/cm 2 for 90-100 s treatments of rabbits following splenectomy [78]. CAPP treatments of 90-100 s effectively coagulated spleen injuries in rabbits.…”

Comparative Study of Cancer Treatment Potential Effects of Tumor-Treating Fields and Cold Atmospheric Plasma

“…The TTFields approach requires lengthy treatment of at least 24 h. 26 In contrast, on the basis of in vivo preclinical data, the CAP approach generally requires only several minutes of treatment. 27 In this study, we examined both approaches, CAP and TTFields, and determined the comparative efficacy of both techniques. Figure 1 shows the device that we used for the TTFields experimental setup.…”