Comparative in vitro study examined the osteogenic potential of interstitial cells of aortic valve obtained from the patients with aortic stenosis and from control recipients of orthotopic heart transplantation with intact aortic valve. The osteogenic inductors augmented mineralization of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVIC) in patients with aortic stenosis in comparison with the control level. Native AVIC culture of aortic stenosis patients demonstrated overexpression of osteopontin gene (OPN) and underexpression of osteoprotegerin gene (OPG) in comparison with control levels. In both groups, AVIC differentiation was associated with overexpression of RUNX2 and SPRY1 genes. In AVIC of aortic stenosis patients, expression of BMP2 gene was significantly greater than the control level. The study revealed an enhanced sensitivity of AVIC to osteogenic inductors in aortic stenosis patients, which indicates probable implication of OPN, OPG, and BMP2 genes in pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification.
Синтезирован аналог соматостатина, обладающий гормональной и противоопухолевой активностью. Разработан оптимальный метод синтеза, позволяющий получать стандартную фармацевтическую субстанцию аналога соматостатина для доклинических и клинических исследований. Разработаны методики контроля качества, которые будут включены в проект ФСП на фармацевтическую субстанцию аналога соматостатина.
Key aspects of gene transcription regulation in multicellular organisms, including the characteristics of their promoters, transcription-factor binding sites, and composition elements are reviewed. The functional role of transcription regulatory proteins (basal factors and regulatory transcription factors), and the mechanisms responsible for regulation of their activity are also discussed. Furthermore, we describe the importance of DNA-encoded nucleosome organization and chromatin modifications in the course of transcription regulation, as well as some mechanisms that regulate the activity of transcription factors associated with genetic networks. The current outlook on regulatory gene expression codes in eukaryotes is presented.
The optimum composition of temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) has been chosen and a method of doxorubicin loading in TSLs by ammonium ion gradient has been developed. The TSL-encapsulated doxorubicin was lyophilized for better stabilization with 4.0% sucrose added as a cryoprotective agent. A method based on spectrophotometry at 252 nm is proposed for the determination of oxorubicin concentration in TSLs. It is established that TSLs encapsulate 89.5 ± 3.5% of doxorubicin. The particle size of the vesicles is 165 ± 10 nm. The proposed TSL doxorubicin formulation possesses selective action, shows higher efficiency and lower toxicity in comparison to the traditional doxorubicin, and can be recommended for use in the chemo-thermotherapy of solid tumors.
Low frequency and ultrasonic treatments of a melt are compared theoretically. The phenomenon caused by low frequency treatment of a melt and called pseudocavitation is considered. The conditions of the appearance of this phenomenon are revealed, and an experiment on mixing of a "light" aluminum powder with "heavy" Wood's alloy is performed under pseudocavitation conditions.
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