Fruit aroma is an important consumer attribute of strawberry varieties. The key volatile compounds of the aromatic complex of strawberry fruit are mesifurane (fruity and caramel aromas) and γ-decalactone (fruity, sweet, or peachy aroma). The mesifurane content in strawberry fruit is controlled by the FaOMT gene, which is mapped to the distal region of the long arm of chromosome VII-F.1. The γ-decalactone content in strawberry fruit is controlled by the FaFAD1 gene, mapped to the distal region of the long arm of chromosome III-2. Identification of forms carrying genes for fruit flavor volatiles is an important step in breeding varieties with fragrant fruit. The use of molecular markers allows highly reliable detection of target gene alleles in a genome at early developmental stages. This study involves molecular genotyping of Fragaria L. varieties for the FaOMT and FaFAD1 genes, analysis of polymorphism of the loci in question, and identification of genotypes valuable for breeding. The objects of our study were wild species of the genus Fragaria L. and strawberry varieties (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) of different ecological and geographic origins. To assess the allelic states of the FaOMT gene, the codominant marker FaOMT-SI/NO was used, and for the FaFAD1 gene, the dominant marker FaFAD1. The functional allele of the FaOMT gene (FaOMT+) in the heterozygous state (FaOMT+FaOMT– genotype) was detected in 34.9 % of the accessions tested. The functional allele of the FaOMT gene in the homozygous state (FaOMT+FaOMT+ genotype) was detected in 51.2 % of the accessions. The homozygous state of the inactive allele (FaOMT–FaOMT– genotype) was detected in 13.9 % of the studied strawberry accessions. The FaFAD1 gene was identified in 25.6 % of the analyzed collection of strawberry genotypes, including the wild species F. orientalis Los., F. moschata Duch., F. ovalis Rydb. The combination of functional alleles of the FaOMT and FaFAD1 genes was detected in 16.3 % of the analyzed forms. The wild species F. orientalis Los. and F. moschata Duch. and strawberry variety Red Gauntlet combine the functional allele of the FaFAD1 gene with the homozygous state of the active allele of the FaOMT gene; therefore, we recommend them as promising sources of high contents of mesifurane and γ-decactone in fruit in breeding programs for fruit aroma.

The article gives a comparative analysis of the data obtained by Russian and foreign scientists considering the content of vitamins and other valuable substances in raspberry fruit. That determines high antioxidant properties of raspberry. The goal of the study was to generalize information which shows specific nature of that plant in relation to the complex of vitamins and polyphenol compounds which it contains. The author shows that fruit of raspberry R. idaeus L. consists of 5–40 mg/100 g of vitamin C, folic acid - 26-44 mg/100 g. Consumption of only 100 g of raspberries satisfies daily requirement of vitamin C (60 mg) by 8.3 - 66.7%, in folates (200 mg) by 13–22%. Total anthocyanin content in red raspberry varies within wide range (20–100 mg/100 g), in black raspberry – form 200 to 600 mg/100 g. Raspberry accumulates from 38 to 270 mg/100 g of ellagic acid. In small amounts the cultivated red raspberry consists of the following substances: carotenoids (β-carotene – 9.3 mg/100 g, zeaxanthin – 11 mg/100 g, lutein – 320 mg /100 g), vitamin E – 0.15–0.44 mg/100 g tocopherol equivalents, thiamine – 0,020 mg/100 g, riboflavin – 0.034 mg/100 g, niacin – 0.036 mg/100 g, pyridoxin – 0.05 mg/100 g, biotin – 5.7 mg/100 g. Total content of antioxidants in the cultivated raspberry fruit is 1.71 mg/g (standard quercetin). As a result of the analysis of different literary sources the author determined that raspberry antioxidant properties are mainly connected with high polyphenol content. Contribution of vitamin C into total antioxidant activity is relatively low. Though raspberry fruit chemical composition has already been studied quite well it is necessary to perform further more detailed research of different raspberry cultivars considering their total antioxidant activity as well as certain biochemical components which comprise antioxidant complex of raspberry fruit. The obtained results will form the base for further research aimed at investigating phytochemical compounds of fruit crops which have become an essential part of healthy human diet and developing nutraceutical products.

Raspberry is a crop, characterized by a valuable chemical composition, which determines the wide spectrum of its utilization not only as a fresh fruit, but also as a plant raw material for the food industry. The purpose of the paper is to make an integrated assessment for the fruit of promising raspberry varieties from genetic pool of FSSI “I.V. Michurin FSC” for nutrient and biologically active substances content and mineral elements. The object of investigation was 18 raspberry fruit varieties. The varieties are promising for cultivation in the Central Black Soil region of Russia. Chemical analyses of fruit were carried out with the use of spectrophotometric, chromatographic (HPLC), atomic absorption methods. As it was found, the significant variation in chemical composition indicators turned to be dependent on varietal features. The raspberry fruit accumulated 2.9–3.9% of dietary fibre, 0.34–1.3% of protein, 13.6–31.1 mg/100g of vitamin C, 0.2–83.6 mg/100g of anthocyanins, 0.14–0.90 mg/100g of niacin, 0.1–0.9 mg/100g of resveratrol, 0.2–3.1 mg/100g of piceid, 118.8–388.0 mg/100g of potassium, 0.29–0.97 mg/100g of iron. A high level accumulation of ascorbic acid was found in Gerakl, Evrazia, Zhar-ptitsa, Peresvet varieties; anthocyanins–in Evrazia, Gerakl, Polka, Rubinovoe ozherel’e; resveratrol and piceid–in “Zhelty gigant” and “Rubinovoe ozherel’e” varieties. The studied varieties are recommended as edible fresh fruit and for the consumption in the frozen form. Preventive food production is also appropriate.

For the last time a lot of attention has been paid to strawberry as a garden crop. All this thanks to its preventive and medical benefits related to the consumption of its fruit. The paper presents the data analysis of foreign and domestic researchers on the accumulation of basic food components (sugars, organic acids), vitamins, mineral substances and other valuable ones in. Which determine the high antioxidant properties of strawberries. On the basis of scientific literature sources, the vitamin profile was compiled wich reflects the accumulation of vitamin groups, specific for a given crop. With all diversity of vitamins found in strawberry fruits, the fruits of this plant are primarily good as a valuable source of ascorbic acid, folic acid, polyphenolic compounds (anthocyanins, ellagic acid). As for mineral substances, the presence of iron amount confirms the fact. In spite of fact that the strawberry composition is studied enough, the further detailed characterization of genetic resources is necessary both by total antioxidant activity and by definite chemical components, the last ones, obviously, present the antioxidant complex of strawberry fruits. The given information will be a base for future related investigations of phytochemical compounds of fruits and berries. They are extraordinary important in healthy food of humans as well as in creation of nutraceutical products.

Селекциoнно-генетический центр -Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и селекции плодовых растений им. И.В. Мичурина, г. Мичуринск, Россия Оценка генетической коллекции земляники по содержанию в плодах антоциановОтражены результаты многолетнего исследования накопления антоцианов в ягодах большого набора сортов, гибридных сеянцев, элитных и отборных форм земляники генетической коллекции Всероссийского НИИ генетики и селекции плодовых растений им. И.В. Мичурина. На основе анализа разнообразного и многочисленного сортового фонда земляники установлено, что содержание антоцианов в плодах в среднем по коллекции находится на невысоком уровне и составляет 52,3 мг/100 г сырой массы (это указывает на недостаточное внимание в селекции к созданию форм с повышенным содержанием данных веществ), при этом размах варьирования количества антоцианов в плодах находится в широком диапазоне -10,5-171,6 мг/100 г. Изменчивость данного признака у гибридных сеянцев больше и составляет от 6,0 до 242,0 мг/100 г. Выделены перспективные генотипы с высоким накоплением антоцианов, представляющие интерес для селекции и практического использования: сорта Фейерверк -107,4 мг/100 г, Привлекательная -106,3 мг/100 г, Рубиновый кулон -103,1 мг/100 г, отборные сеянцы 3/2-3 (Фейерверк × Львовская ранняя) -242,0 мг/100 г, 3/3-16 (Фейерверк × Марышка) -176,0 мг/100 г, 3/6-15 (Рубиновый кулон × Марышка) -165,0 мг/100 г, 3/6-72 (Рубиновый кулон × Марышка) -178,2 мг/100 г. Выявлено, что, несмотря на все разнообразие гибридного потомства по содержанию антоцианов, наибольшее количество сеянцев с высоким их накоплением (от 80,0 до 100,0 мг/100 г и выше) получено в семьях, где обе родительские формы обладают высоким уровнем признака (Фейерверк, Привлекательная, Рубиновый кулон). Данные сорта рекомендуется использовать в качестве источников и доноров высокого содержания антоцианов в дальнейшей селекции. Ключевые слова: Fragaria × ananassa Duch; селекция; сорта; гибридные сеянцы; элитные формы. ВведениеЗа последние десятилетия антоцианы плодов и ягод стали темой многочисленных исследований. Их состав и количество во многом определяют пригодность сортов к замораживанию и технологической переработке, Р-витаминные и антиоксидантные свойства ягод. Установлено, что антиоксидантная активность коррелирует с общим содержанием фенольных со-

Background. Anthracnose, caused by phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Colletotrichum, is one of the most important strawberry diseases. Strawberry yield losses from anthracnose lesions can reach 80%. Most strawberry cultivars are susceptible to anthracnose. Therefore, identification of the initial forms carrying resistance genes is a necessary step toward successful breeding of anthracnose-resistant cultivars. Use of molecular markers will increase reliability of identification and enhance effectiveness of strawberry breeding.Materials and methods. Biological material was represented by strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) of various ecological and geographical origin. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the fresh leaves using the CTAB methods according to Puchooa (2004). To assess the allelic state of the Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene, the SCAR marker STS-Rca2_240 was used. The SCAR marker STS-Rca2_240 was multiplexed with the microsatellite marker EMFv020 used as the positive PCR control.Results and conclusion. The SCAR marker STS-Rca2_240, mapping at about 2.8 cM from the Rca2 gene, was identified in the strawberry cultivars ‘Elianny’, ‘Troubadour’ and ‘Sudarushka’. Cvs. ‘Elianny’ and ‘Troubadour’ are presumably characterized by a dominant homozygous (Rca2Rca2) or heterozygous (Rca2rca2) genotype. Cv. ‘Sudarushka’ has the heterozygous state for the Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene (Rca2rca2). In the remaining cultivars studied, the marker STS-Rca2_240 was not detected (the prospective genotype is rca2rca2).

The paper analysed three-year data (2017–2019) for chemical composition of fruit in promising selected strawberry seedlings (totally-more than 100 forms) from genetical pool of the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. Average values and the range of variation in the content of the main food and biologically active substances have been determined: soluble solids percentage varies from 8.7–17.0 % (mean 12.4 %), total sugars 5.8–13.2 % (mean 8.8 %), titrable acids — 0.54–1.34 % (mean 0.56 %), ascorbic acid — 44.0–110.4 mg/100 g (mean 72.9 mg/100 g), anthocyanins — 7.3–145.4 mg/100 g (mean 56.8 mg/100 g). In 2019 year the following selected forms 915-104 (298-22-19-21×Feyerverk), 20-8 (Prazdnichnaya×Dedanka), 28-19 (Lakomaya×Maryshka), 921-7 ([(516-167×Cardinal)×Feyerverk); 30-5 (Feyerverk×Privlekatelnaya) are characterized by high sugar accumulation (up to 10.0 %). In 2018 year the high vitamin C content (more over 100.0 mg/100 g) was observed in selected seedlings 914-27, 91459 (Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya), 56-9, 56-12 (Gigantella Maxim×Privlekatelnaya); high anthocyanin content (over 100.0 mg/100 g) was demonstrated (in selected seedlings 928-12 (298-19-9-43×Privlekatelnaya), 35-16 (922-67×Maryshka), 25-1 (Rubinovy Kulon×Maryshka), 21-44 (Urozhainaya CGL×Rubinovy Kulon). High and stable content of soluble solids, sugars and optimal acidity of fruit are registered in selected seedlings 26-5 (Rubinovy Kulon×298-19-9-43), 56-9 (Gigantella Maxim×Privlekatelnaya). The selected seedlings 914-9, 914-27 (Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya), 25-1 (Rubinovy Kulon×Maryshka), 56-8, 56-9 (Gigantella Maxim×Privlekatelnaya) exhibited the stable level of vitamin C content. High and stable anthocyanin content was confirmed in selected seedlings 914-9, 914-27 (Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya), 21-14 (Urozhainaya CGL×Rubinovy Kulon) and 25-1 (Rubinovy Kulon×Maryshka). According to the complex of biochemical characteristics the following selected forms were identified from the hybrid combination Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya: 914-27 (ascorbic acid — 90.2 mg/100 g, anthocyanins — 81.6 mg/100 g, sugars — 9.4 %), 914-9 (ascorbic acid — 89.8 mg/100 g, anthocyanins — 90.3 mg/100 g, sugars — 8.4 %).

Background. Quality indicators, medicinal and prophylactic properties of strawberry fruits are largely determined by their chemical composition. In order to improve the breeding work, it is necessary to look for the sources of high-level accumulation of macro- and micronutrients in fruits.Materials and methods. Fruits of 101 accessions from the genetic collection of introduced foreign and domestic cultivars, elite and selected forms held by the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center were used as the target research material. All of them were grown on the experimental plantations from 1994 through 2020. Their chemical composition (ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents) was analyzed at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technologies according to the standard methods.Results and conclusions. The ranges of variability in the accumulation of primary components of the antioxidant complex in strawberry fruits in the environments of the Central Black Earth Region (Michurinsk) were measured: 30.1–102.3 mg/100 g for ascorbic acid and 3.6–124.5 mg/100 g for anthocyanins. The cultivars were ranked according to the analyzed chemical components. A majority of them were classified into the group with average vitamin C content (50.1–90.0 mg/100 g). The largest part (85.6%) of the studied cultivars accumulated anthocyanins within the range of 30.0–70.0 mg/100 g. Valuable genotypes with high levels of ascorbic acid (above 90.1 mg/100 g) were identified: cvs. ‘Kokinskaya zarya’, ‘Lirovidnaya’, ‘Sudarushka’ and ‘Zephyr’. As for anthocyanins (above 90.1 mg/100 g), cvs. ‘Alena’, ‘Istochnik’, ‘Pamyati Zubova’, ‘Privlecatelnaya’, ‘Rubinovy kulon’, ‘Torpeda’ and ‘Feyerverk’, plus the elite seedling 56-5 (“Rubinovy kaskad”), showed the best results. The identified genotypes are of interest both for consumers, as they yield highly vitaminized fresh fruits, and for breeders as source material for the development of cultivars with improved chemical composition.