For the first time, a systematic study of a background noise to signal ratio is given for various preparation histories of consolidated silver nanoparticles and artificially prepared nanostructures to rate the best and the worst routes of deposition of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active layers. It is shown that most of common preparation schemes face with a high intensity of extra peaks in the ca. 900-1100 and 1400-1700 cm −1 range as related to residual adsorbed / chemosorbed nitrate, nitrite ions and organic oxidation products of various pollutants formed in the course of Ag + redox reactions. Finally, Leopold-Lendl and the original USR (Ultrasonic Silver Rain) methods would be recommended for the highly sensitive SERS analysis of diluted solutions and impurities.
Aim. The study objective is studying the possibility of endosonography in the diagnosis of tumor and pretumor pathology of the larynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Materials and methods. Endosonographic study was conducted in 20 patients with tumors and suspected tumors of the larynx, laryngopharynx and oropharynx. Results. The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) method was useful and important in determining the thickness and structure of the tumor, with hyperplasia of the lingual and palatine tonsils. Endosonographic picture of fibrous changes after surgery and post-radiation changes, lack of blood flow in the fibrous tissue and blurred contours gave additional information in the differential diagnosis of tumor and non-tumor changes. The results of the ultrasound examination performed in the standard B-mode for the presence of tumors, cysts and formations, suspicious of the tumor of the submucosal layer of the oropharynx and larynx, which were not determined by endoscopic examination, were confirmed. Conclusion. Obtaining a sonographic image simultaneously with endoscopic examination of the formations in the submucosal layer of the oropharynx and larynx will shorten the diagnostic algorithm of the study in patients with pathological changes in this area. The use of endosonography made it possible to confirm the data obtained by ultrasound examination in B-mode and which were not confirmed by endoscopic examination.
Objective: to determine the possibilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in identifying and evaluating the efficiency of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM).Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 28 patients with CLM. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 – 15 pretreatment patients; Group 2 – 13 posttreatment patients with process stabilization. All the patients underwent standard B-mode ultrasound of the liver and that using the contrast agent SonoVue ® (Bracco, Italy), by recording and estimating the parameters of the intensity-time curve (CIV). Liver CEUS assesses the nature of contrasting metastases in three phases (arterial, venous, and delay ones).Results. The investigators identified three types of contrast agent accumulation in CLM in the arterial phase: along the periphery of the lesions (in 60% of the patients of Group 1, in 76.9% in Group 2), homogeneously over the entire volume (in 26.7% in Group 1 and in 0.08% in Group 2), in parallel with intact liver parenchyma (13.3% in Group 1 and 23.02% in Group 2). In the delay phase, more metastases were detected in 4 cases (14.3%). Estimation of CIV parameters showed a difference at the beginning of contrast enhancement stages between the patients in both groups. Group 1 exhibited the early contrasting of liver metastases (19.3 sec); Group 2 displayed the late washout of a contrast agent (65.9 sec).Conclusion. CEUS versus B-mode ultrasound improves the imaging of liver metastases. The change in the vascular architectonics and hemodynamics in CLM after chemotherapy is reflected in the alteration of the rate of contrast accumulation and washout from the metastases, which allows CEUS to be used in the evaluation of the efficiency of this treatment.
In this article, based on two clinical examples, the possibilities of multiparametric ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of metastatic and lymphoproliferative changes in lymph nodes in primary-multiple malignant tumors, including breast cancer and lym - phoma, are evaluated. Multiparameteric ultrasound includes B-mode, color and energy Doppler imaging, strain elastography, shear wave elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Standardization and reproducibility of these ultrasound techniques will allow to objectify the study, obtaining specific indicators of shear wave velocity in the zones of interest and specific signs of contrast enhancement, which can be used as impor tant differential diagnostic tool in oncology.
The present review shows a modern view on the issues of differential ultrasound diagnosis of hyperechoic malignant tumors of the mammary glands. On clinical examples, the main ultrasonic semiotic signs of hyperechoic malignant structures were noted in comparison with the data of histopathological analysis.
The article presents the literature review of modern approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell cancer of the oropharyngeal region and larynx. Various views on the treatment of patients with oropharyngeal tumors are presented. Special attention is paid to the ultrasound examination of patients with laryngeal tumors and to the possibilities of ultrasound in assessing the integrity of the laryngeal cartilage. Various ultrasound techniques for assessing the thickness and depth of invasion of oral tumors are highlighted. The features of regional anatomy that affect the informative value of visualization techniques are discussed. In the article presents criteria for assessing the prevalence of the tumor process in the adjacent organs and tissues, metastasis in regional lymph nodes.
Purpose: To evaluate the possibilities of ultrasound examination with contrast enhancement (CEUS) in assessing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with specific lesions of peripheral lymph nodes with lymphoproliferative lesions.Material and methods: To assess the capabilities of CEUS in assessing the effectiveness of treatment, a study was carried out for 15 patients with lesions of peripheral lymph nodes in lymphoma in dynamics before the treatment and after 2 or 3 courses of chemotherapy using a contrast agent SonoVue® in a volume of 4.8 ml. The results of the study were analyzed and compared with traditional ultrasound techniques. Ultrasound examination was performed using Siemens Acuson S2000 and Philips Affiniti 70 devices with high-frequency linear transducers from 5 to 12 MHz.Results: CEUS revealed a significant increase in the TTP parameter from 27 ± 12 s to 36 ± 13 s (p = 0.0496) and a significant decrease in the PI parameter from 9 ± 5 dB to 4 ± 3dB (p = 0.00047).Conclusions: CEUS at any stage of the treatment seems to be promising since it allows diagnosing of structural changes in the affected lymph nodes even after one cycle of chemotherapy.
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