In the work there are presented results of the study of the pharmacokinetics, tolerability and safety of a new anti-influenza preparation Triazavirin in several dose regimes, performed in 30 volunteers. There were no recorded adverse reactions associated with the administration of the drug. Study of the pharmacokinetics showed that the maximum concentration of Triazavirin in blood plasma is achieved on average 1 - 1.5 hours after, the curve of decreasing concentrations is two-phase, half-life elimination period in the first phase is 0.5 - 1.4 hour. It is impossible to exclude polymorphic character of metabolism. The extent of systemic exposure depends on the dosage frequency more than the dose of the drug. In this case, there was no noted significant accumulation in long-term use. In the study Triazavirin was well tolerated by all participants in all the studied dose regimes. The preferred regime, providing the maintenance of an effective and safe concentrations is recognized as dosage of the 250 mg twice a day.
In the paper an analysis of modern chemotherapy preparations for the treatment of influenza is presented, there are given the main characteristics of drugs - mechanisms of action, spectrum of antiviral activity, efficacy parameters. The analysis of the current state of research on the development of anti-influenza drugs has been performed.
Unlike influenza epidemics which affect the population almost yearly, pandemics occur much less frequently, but have more severe medical and social consequences. The investigation of the nature of the course of all modern epidemics and pandemics are acquiring the particular rationale. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 was caused by the virus of the mixed (triple) origin. In Russia, the first three cases of disease have been identified in Moscow from 21 to 10 June 2009. In the Far East - 2-2,5 months later compared to the European part of Russia. However, the epidemic of influenza in Russia caused by influenza virus A (H1N1) pdm09, began and developed more rapidly just in the Far East. The highest morbidity rate (10,2-10,3 per 100 people) was registered in the cities of the Far Eastern and Siberian regions. The phylogenetic analysis allowed to reveal the origin of the triple reassortant virus A (H1N1)pdm09 out of H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 avian/porcine/human virus. The performed analysis of functional domains of proteins of the influenza virus A (H1N1) pdm09 showed that modern pandemic influenza viruses have several principal genetic defects, the totality of which permits to rank them to moderately pathogenic viruses. High risk of the severe course of influenza and occurrence of complications was noted in three groups ofpatients: pregnant women, especially in the 3 trimester ofpregnancy, children under 2 years of age and patients with concomitant chronic respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as patients with endocrine disorders and obesity.
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