Over the last decade increase in capacity and the intensity of vehicular traffic has increased manifoldly, including heavy trucks, super singles, and higher tire pressures, resulting in significant increase of dynamic loads on the road surface which in turn lead to high quality requirements for bitumen in order to avoid premature wear and failure of asphalt concrete pavements. One of the possibilities to increase the quality of bitumen is to use special additives and modifiers that can provide a high adhesion to mineral filler and inhibit the aging and degradation processes in the asphalt coating. To achieve this, in the present study composite modifiers based on bisimidazolines derivatives were synthesized. The developed polyfunctional modifier (PFM) of complex action provides enhanced thermal stability, significantly improves the adhesion between bitumen binder and aggregates, and also improves the physical-mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete. Based on the test results it is recommended to use the synthesized samples of the PFM additive with complex action in asphalt mixtures for road paving.
The present research was aimed to develop the scientific applied principles and technologies of composite bituminous materials for civil engineering based on the investigation of the structures of polymer modifier and bitumen-polymer binder (BPB) on its basis with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The method of pulsed NMR was chosen as one of the rapid analysis methods that can be used for the analysis of bitumen-polymer systems, especially when assessing the group chemical composition of residual oil feedstock (ROF), bitumens and composite materials based on them. Using the method of pulsed NMR the regularities of the impact of modifier component composition on the changes of structural-group composition of the original and modified products were specified. Based on the results of research the optimal ratio of bitumen-polymer binder components was investigated, the manufacturability of the process for obtaining of composite bituminous materials for civil engineering with the aim of optimizing the quality of the final products was evaluated. Pulsed NMR -spectroscopy is suggested as input and output quality control of bituminous products. The regularities of redistribution of the phases with different molecular mobility and their relationship with the binder components were investigated. Rapid technique for quantifying the content of polymer in the solvent was developed.
The possibility of dispersing depressing additives in diesel oil using a static radiator for production of ultrafine emulsions having disperse-phase particles sized between 2.5 and 4 m is shown. Depressing additives such as olefinic hydrocarbon-based linear high-molecular compounds, which possess exceptional physico-chemical resistance to oxidation, thermoelasticity, and high mechanical properties, but do not exhibit a coagulating effect, are produced by nanophase catalysis technology. Compound (mixed) solvents are used as additive diluents. Laboratory tests of the additives in hydrofined diesel, furnace, and marine oils, and various crude-oil fractions showed a high depressing effect. K e y w o r d s : c o m p o u n d d e p r e s s i n g a d d i t i v e s , m a r i n e o i l , f u r n a c e o i l , u l t r a s o n i c a c t i o n , low-temperature properties, dispersity, pour point.Rational utilization of combustible petroleum materials (CPM), improvement of their quality, and expansion of reserves are critical problems of the oil-refining and petrochemical industry. The problem of improving the low-temperature properties of CPM is an urgent problem for Russia and other northern countries, since the cold climatic zone occupies 80% of the Russian landmass. This problem is acerbated by the fact that all the more paraffinic crudes are being extracted in Russia. High-molecular paraffins are responsible for degraded low-temperature properties of the crudes themselves, and also the products of their refinement. For this reason, the diesel fractions with a boiling point no higher than 290C must be separated to ensure an acceptable pour point. This gives rise to a significant reduction in refinement of diesel oil (DF), and, accordingly, the depth to which the crude is refined [1-5].Use of depressing additives is the most effective and economically expedient means of improving the low-temperature properties of the crudes. High-molecular compounds (HMC) with a capacity to mix rapidly with petroleum oils at an elevated temperature are employed in the production of depressing additives. The degree of dispersity of the additive will depend on its ability to mix with the oil. The process of combining DF with HMC takes place in two stages: emulsification and subsequent swelling, or complete solution 466 of the additive [6]. The procedure employed for the combination should completely eliminate fractionation of the oil and destruction of the HMC.Diesel oils modified with HMC, including block-copolymers are disperse nonuniform systems, and, consequently, are thermodynamically unstable, giving rise to their stratification (pentization) , especially at elevated temperatures under static conditions in the absence of agitation). The higher the physico-chemical affinity of BMC for DF, the higher the degree of dispersity of the additive in the oil and stratification stability of the composition petroleum product.Use of acoustic equipment to disperse additives in oils. Best results are achieved when the HMC and oils are combined usi...
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