The article presents the results of an impact assessment of a mixture of nanoparticles (MNPs) of metals (Ag, Cu, Fe) and manganese oxide (MnO2) on the histomorphological state of internal organs and tissues of laying hens. The study of a subchronic effect of an experimental sample of MNPs on the organism of laying hens was conducted on a Hayrase Brown cross-breed (n=112), weighing 1.5-1.8 kg at the age of 365 days. Colloidal solutions of MNPs (group II – 0.3 mg/kg, group III – 4.0 mg/kg body weight) and a mixture of salts of a corresponding metals (group I – 0.3 mg/kg body weight) were daily administrated to experimental groups of poultry as feed compound additives during 30 days. Distilled water was added to the compound feed for a control group of hens. Euthanasia of chickens (n=7) was performed by using inhalation chloroform anesthesia on a 15th and 30th day after exposure as well as 7 and 15 days after a termination of the drug exposure. Internal organs were selected for histomorphological studies. It has been found that changes of the morphological structure of the liver and kidneys established in chickens under the influence of MNPs in a toxic dose and occurred on the 30th day after the start and on the 7th day after the termination of it’s a exposure. There were a thickness of the walls and lesions of the epithelial cells of the bile duct, a desquamation of a part of epithelial cells, a presence of granular dystrophy of the epithelium of the urinary tubules with elements of necrosis and hemorrhages. This testifies to the presence of dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, bile ducts, bile passages and urinary tubules.
The aim: To study was to use mathematical modeling in assessing the stress-strain state of the bone-implant system during plate osteosynthesis with a PHILOS plate of a proximal humerus fracture with polylactic acid implants. Materials and methods: Two bone-implant systems with a three-fragment humerus fracture according to the Neer classification (type 11-C1 according to the AO / ASIF classification) were selected for the study, one of which was with additional reinforcement of the head fragment with two polylactic acid implants (PLA – polylactide Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D). Sawbones (Europe AB, Malmö, Sweden) built the humeral model on 3D scanning of the composite model № 3404 of the left humerus. Results: A comparative analysis of the obtained results of mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of the bone-implant systems showed that with given constraints (hand abduction to 90°), the use of two polylactic acid implants can reduce the stress in the plate and screws, respectively, by 11% and 6% . Conclusions: The use of polylactic acid implants during osteosynthesis of three- and four-fragment fractures of the proximal humerus, especially in the case of osteoporosis, allows providing for the reinforcement of metal structures and supporting of the articular surface without deterioration of fixation rigidity.
The aim: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources on the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in cats. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open-source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V.I. Vernadsky (1981–2007). Results. Chronic kidney disease is a common reason for cat owners to go to veterinary clinics. The term “chronic kidney disease” has a broader meaning than the more limited and not very specific name – chronic renal failure; it is also used to indicate the preazotemic stage of the disease. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the clinical condition of animals due to progressive decline in renal function. An idea of the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in the period from 1981 to 2007 is presented. Conclusions. According to the results of retrospective analysis of literature sources for the period from 1981 to 2007, the basis was identified aspects of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in domestic cats, which have not lost relevance today. The main link during chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of hyperazotemia and, as a consequence, endogenous intoxication of the body, which develops gradually and leads to the death of the animal. The morphological basis of chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of diffuse nephrosclerosis, which is reflected in the results of clinical, biochemical and instrumental studies. According to biochemical analysis of blood, in cats recorded an increase in urea and creatinine, the results of clinical studies of urine showed a decrease in its relative density, as well as the development of proteinuria, the appearance of erythrocytes and cylinders. According to the results of hematological research, anemic syndrome develops due to decreased erythropoietin synthesis. With age in cats, ultrasound examination of the kidneys reveals a decrease in their volume due to uniform sclerosis of the parenchyma: it is determined by its thinning and increased echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. Its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined
Introduction: The biochemical markers of the connective tissue metabolism in blood serum may characterize the disturbances in inflammatory, destructive processes, and also serve the criteria for diagnostic evaluation of the state of cartilage and bone tissue of the joints in knee osteoarthritis to control the effectiveness of conservative treatment. The aim: determination of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in the blood of patients with the 1st and 2nd stages of knee osteoarthritis in order to prove the effectiveness of the complex conservative treatment of patients with the use of low-intensity infrared laser radiation. Materials and methods: During the study we examined 80 patients with the 1st and 2nd stages of knee osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. Some patients were prescribed diclofenac sodium and glucosamine hydrochloride, others were prescribed an additional course of laser therapy. Results: At the end of the treatment the group of patients with knee osteoarthritis who were treated with the use of laser therapy, diclofenac sodium and glucosamine hydrochloride, showed a decrease in the content of the following blood serum components: glycoproteins (by 28.9 %), sialic acids (by 28.8 %), chondroitinsulfates (by 91.3 %) due to chondroitin-6-sulfate, activity of alkaline phosphatase (by 36.1 %) compared with the indicators before treatment. Conclusions: a more significant decrease in the inflammation and destruction of the cartilage tissue of the affected joints was observed during knee osteoarthritis treatment with the use of laser therapy than without it.
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