The paper presents the results of experimental data on the kinetic characteristics of ultrafiltration tubular elements, such as the output specific flow, retention coefficient, diffusion permeability coefficient, distribution coefficient. To study the purification of milk whey, we used tubular ultrafilters BTU 05/2 with membrane material fluoroplast (F), polyethersulfone (PESF), polysulfone (PS). For theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient, output specific flux, diffusion permeability coefficient, distribution coefficient, mathematical expressions were developed and empirical coefficients were obtained. The developed mathematical expression describes the experimental data with good reliability. The obtained experimental and calculated data can be used with high reliability in calculating mass-transfer fluxes of substances through a semi-permeable membrane, as well as in engineering methods for calculating and predicting efficiency, and using membrane processes for concentrating serum. The protein concentration in real milk whey was determined by formol titration. On the basis of the studies carried out, the dependence of the growth of the output specific flow on pressure was established, that the optimal pressure for concentrating milk whey on the ultrafiltration membranes we have chosen is 0.25 MPa. For three types of ultrafilters, the experimental value of the coefficient was within 99% for protein. For the theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient, a program in the MAXIMA language was developed and registered. Due to the method of applying the membrane to the reinforcing element, the membrane material polyethersulfone (PESF) and polysulfone (PS) have a substrate, due to which they sorb more substances on themselves, because of this, the diffusion permeability coefficient and the distribution coefficient are much higher than that of a filter element with membrane made of fluoroplastic (F), which does not have a substrate.
In work were investigated processes of a transmittivity, dairy components through ultrafiltrational polymeric membranes of a type of UPM100, UAM150 and UPMK. Two types of installation a diffusion transmittivity were described. The first installation with use of the roll-type membranous module, the second installation has an appearance of a flat-chamber cell. Preferences for carrying out the pilot studies it is given to a flat-chamber cell. Researches are conducted at change of concentration and temperature of solution. It is noted that with strengthening the diffusion transmittivity decreases, and with solution temperature increase the transmittivity increases. Decrease in a diffusion transmittivity is caused by formation of the boundary diffusion layers reducing transfer of substance through boundary and fissile layers of a membrane. Increase in a diffusion transmittivity is caused by body height of ionic mobility and molecules of substance with solution temperature increase that leads to partial destruction of boundary diffusion layers at a membrane surface. Mathematical expressions are developed for theoretical calculation of coefficient of a diffusion transmittivity and numerical values of sizes of empirical coefficients are received. The developed mathematical expressions with good reliability describe the experimental data’s on a diffusion transmittivity. The obtained experimental and calculation data can be applied with big reliability in calculations of streams of substances through the semipermeable membranes and also in engineering calculation procedures and predictions of effectiveness of application of membranous processes to division, cleanings and concentratings of industrial and technological solutions. By results of experiments and design data’s curves which demonstrate influence of concentration on a diffusion transmittivity for all types of the studied ultrafiltrational polymeric membranes were constructed.
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