Urogenital mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp.) currently prevail in the etiology of infections of the urogenital tract and are characterized by a high level of genetic polymorphism responsible for the occurrence of their antibiotic resistance. The review presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers on the resistance mechanisms of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas to antibiotics and considers the acquisition by mycoplasmas of antibiotic resistance determinants. New knowledge of resistance mechanisms is important theoretical basis for improving measures to limit and prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology is one of the leading scientific institutions focused on obtaining new knowledge about current and socially significant infections and improving methods and means of diagnosing, preventing and treating them and one of the oldest in the country: the institute celebrates the centenary of its Foundation in 2019. Over such a long period of intensive activity for the benefit of the country’s public health, the Institute has done a lot of work to combat such infections as rabies, measles, whooping cough, cholera, various intestinal, wound and other infections, provided assistance to practical health authorities both through direct participation of Institute employees in the elimination of accidents, outbreaks of infectious diseases, and through the introduction of scientific-methodical and information-methodical developments. Today, the Institute’s scientific interests include issues of epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention of current bacterial and viral infections (viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, enterovirus infections, acute intestinal infections, HCAI, NGUI, HPVI, opportunistic, neuro-bronchial infections, including community-acquired pneumonia). New samples of probiotics for correction of microbiocenosis are being constructed. The GIS-project «Electronic Epidemiological Atlas of the Volga Federal District» has been developed and introduced into the practice of the bodies and organizations of Rospotrebnadzor and activity has begun on the creation of an «Electronic Epidemiological Atlas of Russia». The effectiveness and safety of vaccination are being studied. Works on design of Express test systems in the format of protein biochips are carried out to identify informative indicators for immuno-dependent risk assessment of various diseases. Having crossed the 100-year timehorizon the Institute is still demanded as a center for scientific-methodical and scientific-practical support for the epidemiological surveillance of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Volga Federal District and Russia as a whole and successfully executes its noble and necessary work contributing to the protection of people from infectious diseases.