Ukraine's agricultural sector accounts for 17% of the country's GDP and is continuously growing. For six consecutive years (2013-2018), Ukraine harvested over 60 million tons of grain annually, and 2018 export of ag commodities reached $18.6 billion. (State, 2020). The anticipated land reform envisions lifting the moratorium on the agricultural land sale, which should encourage capital investments in ag. The article analyzes the trends of investment opportunities in the Ukrainian ag sector for the last decade. The regression analysis of labor productivity with variables of fixed capital-worker ratio and yield of grain confirmed that the function of labor productivity depended on the value of fixed capital per worker. As the U.S. investment in ag machinery export to Ukraine plays a significant role, we evaluated its effect on the current level of labor productivity in the Ukrainian agribusiness, comparing it with the U.S. farming outcome.
The modern practice of using vibratory machines when working with fine-size light-weight seeds is faced with such an undesirable phenomenon as the impact of aerodynamic forces and moments on the kinematics of vibrational movement of particles of the seed mixture fractions. According to the results of scientific studies devoted to the solution of this problem, only mathematical models of vibrational movement are used, where the aerodynamic factor is taken into account as taking the seeds by airflow. This is typical only for cleaning modes with the rebound of seeds from the vibrating surface. Aerodynamic forces and moments are present in them only as a force of aerodynamic resistance. The action of lateral aerodynamic forces and their moments are not taken into account. Their consideration allows to extend the range of action of the aerodynamic factor on the modes of vibration cleaning (vibroseparation) without rebound (but with sliding and rolling) which are of greater interest in terms of improving the efficiency of processing fine-size seeds. A mathematical model of seed vibration movement taking into account the action of a complete set of aerodynamic forces (dynamic resistance forces and lateral aerodynamic forces) and moments was proposed. This makes it possible to simulate non-lifting modes of vibrational movement of seeds. A system of algebraic equations that are linear with respect to the kinematic parameters of seed movement which was obtained by translating differential equations of movement into a finite-difference form was presented. The possibility of numerical solution of equations of movement by the Euler method was shown. The results of the evaluation of the model adequacy for the processes of vibration separation of tobacco seeds and false flax were presented. As shown by the results of calculations and experiments, the developed model provides an increase in the adequacy of the simulation results by 30 % in comparison with the model where the aerodynamic factor is not taken into account
Introduction. The article examines the current state and dynamics of dairy farming in Ukraine as one of the leading industries. Its purpose is to ensure milk production amounts that meet the standards of state food security and conditions for expanding the export potential of the domestic economy. Despite the fact that milk production in Ukraine is profitable, it does not restrain the negative trends of catastrophic reduction of cows and milk production. The level of development of the agro-industrial complex, including dairy farming, depends on the social and food stability of the economic system of the district, region and the state as a whole. The purpose of this work is to assess the state of dairy farming in Ukraine, the development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of production and sale of milk in agricultural enterprises. Research methodology. The methods of analysis and synthesis, abstract-logical are used (formation of theoretical generalizations and conclusions), economic-mathematical, statistical, comparison and generalization. Results. The milk production and its structure, the number of cows and their structure by categories of farms in Ukraine for 1990-2019; the volume and structure of gross agricultural output for 1990-2019 (at constant prices in 2016) were studied in the article. The grouping of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine by the number of cows, which was available at the beginning of 2020; an assessment of the efficiency of milk production and sales in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine for 2005, 2010 and 2018 have been provided. Conclusions. It was found that the purchase price of milk, both from agricultural enterprises and from households supplied to milk processing enterprises, is almost three times lower than the final retail price. It is proposed to increase the economic efficiency of milk production by resolving the contradictions between agricultural and dairy enterprises, as well as other subjects of agro-industrial production in the process of achieving their economic interests in providing the population with quality dairy products. Keywords: agro-industrial production, livestock industry, dairy farming, economic efficiency, productivity, profitability.
The article, by the example of livestock products, estimates and analyses the mechanism of price transfer (transmission) among the participants of the agrofood chain (agricultural producers, food processing and trading companies) and discovers abnormalities, imbalances and mismatches of the economic relations development among the stated participants. Straight-line regression with application of least-squares method was built, as well as three linear trend models that allowed to forecast the trends for price change at each administrative and technical stage of the product distribution (production, processing, trade). Quantitative evaluation was held for the price change of the livestock product market, and the time needed for the change. The obtained data confirmed the market “weakness” of agricultural goods producers denying the industrial safety guarantee of the country as a whole.
Introduction. The article analyses current trends in milk production and consumption in the world, taking into account the latest factors of product competitiveness in the global milk market and the growing interest of consumers in plant substitutes for animal milk. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, world dairy production continues to grow, with Asia experiencing the largest increase since 2019. The next decade will create great opportunities for the dairy industry in the world. The increase in demand will be accelerated by the globalization of the industry, which will form consolidation in order to efficiently use resource potential, ensure a sustainable supply of milk and stable profits for producers. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study current trends in milk production and consumption in the world, taking into account the latest factors of product competitiveness in the global milk market and the growing interest of consumers in plant substitutes for animal milk. Method (methodology).The methodological basis of the study is scientific work on the current state and trends in production and milk consumption in the world. Dialectical, systemic and synergetic approaches were used at all stages of the study; methods of general scientific knowledge: comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Statistical analysis was used as specific methods. Results. The results of the study allowed us to draw conclusions about the social significance of dairy production. Globalization with a significant impact on domestic and international trade in the dairy industry will accelerate in the coming years, as more and more consumers seek to include dairy products in their daily diet to promote good quality and healthy natural products. One of the current trends in the world food market is a significant increase in consumption of plant foods. At present, each country faces a difficult task to develop an effective strategy for the development of natural dairy products in such conditions. The development of the world dairy market is influenced by various factors that determine the volume of production and consumption of dairy products, associated primarily with global changes in consumer preferences, increasing demand for goods in cheaper price segments, population growth, especially in developing countries, as well as economic development and overall welfare of mankind. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development. as well as with economic development and the general growth of human well-being. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development. As well as with economic development and the general growth of human well-being. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development.
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