The progressive activity of agro-industrial production in the context of imperfect competition, turbulence of the environment and unexpected market challenges in the agro-industrial market because of spread of COVID-19 should be ensured by the most effective selection of the optimal innovation and investment program. Such program must be adapted to the realities of today, provide effective innovation projects and financial resources for their implementation support. This can be achieved due to the formation of a comprehensive innovation and investment program for multidirectional projects taking into account the required amount of money at all stages of risky innovative activities implementation. In this regard, the aim of the article is to conceptualize the implementation of the innovation and investment program in the activities of agro-industrial enterprises using an adaptive model of the optimal selection of the most effective projects or diversification of existing ones and planning their intrusion into the consumer market by choosing the optimal financial strategy for innovation support. To achieve the aim, the following methods were used: observation, system analysis, economic and mathematical and experimental modeling, abstract-logical and graphical method. The economic and mathematical model developed by the authors can be used in the practical activity of agro-industrial enterprises. This model enables to determine a promising strategy of innovative development and form the target programs for their financial support under conditions of limited resources and market changes in agriculture.
The use of renewable energy in Ukraine is steadily increasing year by year. This is facilitated by the annual doubling of financial investment in energy production using alternative sources. There are many tools to manage the development of alternative energy. But the most influential are financial and credit instruments. The improvement of technology reduces the cost of capital and operating costs. But the issue of tariffs, benefits, availability of bank loans and their rates is in the hands of state regulators. The paper also analyzed the prospects for market development. The projection results for the period 2020-2035 presented in the article indicate significant changes in the consumption of fuel and energy resources by their types. The analysis of the forecast data proved that the predicted results can only be achieved by doubling the use of renewable energy during this period. This result can be achieved if alternative energy development management is applied. The need to manage the development of alternative energy in its different forms requires the use of appropriate methods and tools of public administration. Therefore, the classification of ways, tools and methods of development management has become extremely important. This classification proposed in this paper allows us to apply a systematic approach to the selection of effective tools, ways and methods of managing the development and modernization of efficient production and use of energy using renewable energy sources. It is established that the average profitability of alternative energy projects is ~ 20% and the payback period is 5-6 years. To compensate for the technological and economic shortcomings of certain types of energy production, it is proposed to optimize costs by investing in their integrated use. To encourage investment in alternative energy projects, it is proposed to introduce competitive energy purchases in the market. According to the calculations, it is possible to reduce the «green» tariff by 10% and then reduce it by 2.5% annually for three years. The combined «green» tariff for solar and wind energy installations of households should be 0.1228 EUR / kWh.
The analysis of the state of science and practice of making managerial decisions in agricultural production projects is performed. The expediency of substantiation of the influence of the agrometeorological component of the project environment on the duration of works in the projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops is substantiated. The approach to the definition of fund of works time performance in projects of chemical protection of crops taking into account changing events of an agrometeorological component of the project environment is offered. It is based on the use of statistical data of agrometeorological stations in the regions where these projects are implemented. The peculiarity of this approach is that it provides for the formation of databases and knowledge for planning work in projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops based on the characteristics of a given project environment. To do this, computer simulation is used, which provides a systematic consideration of many variable agrometeorological components of the design environment and their impact on the limitation of the time allocated for work. This improves the quality of the database for forecasting the events of the components of the project environment, as well as gaining knowledge that underlies the acceleration of management decisions in projects of chemical protection of crops. It is established that the duration of agrometeorological determined daily fund of time for work in projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops is variable both during the life cycle of the project and in certain periods of its implementation, which is reflected by the relevant distribution laws. Further research on the planning of chemical protection projects for agricultural crops should be conducted to justify new methods and models of management decisions that will take into account the impact of changing events of the agrometeorological component of the project environment on the time and content of work in these projects.
The analysis of the current scientific and methodological principles of project management is performed. It is established that the existing models and methods cannot be used to control the configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems. The known toolkit provides general approaches to controlling the configuration of projects and does not take into account many factors of the design environment, which determine changes in the configuration of integrated projects for creating logistics systems. It has been substantiated that changes in the configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems are due to two groups of factors. They can be assessed by four criteria based on the determination of two generalized evaluative characteristics of the influence of the factors of the design environment on changes in the configuration objects of these projects. The scientific and methodological foundations of the configuration control of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems are proposed, taking into account the changing components of their design environment. To control the configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems, the use of project management theory and system-factor principles is envisaged, which fully take into account the peculiarities of the implementation of these projects. Based on the proposed model, the impact of internal environment factors of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems on changes in the configuration object No. 4.1 (a specialized tank truck for transporting perishable goods) was assessed. Significance coefficients are defined for each of the assigned codes (evaluation criteria and factors that determine the configuration changes) of the configuration objects of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems. Their numerical value is in the range 0…1 and it characterizes the significance of each of the factors for a particular object of the configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems. Quantitative assessment of the impact of design environment factors on changes in the configuration of integrated projects for the creation of logistics systems is carried out on a 100-point scale.
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