The use of renewable energy in Ukraine is steadily increasing year by year. This is facilitated by the annual doubling of financial investment in energy production using alternative sources. There are many tools to manage the development of alternative energy. But the most influential are financial and credit instruments. The improvement of technology reduces the cost of capital and operating costs. But the issue of tariffs, benefits, availability of bank loans and their rates is in the hands of state regulators. The paper also analyzed the prospects for market development. The projection results for the period 2020-2035 presented in the article indicate significant changes in the consumption of fuel and energy resources by their types. The analysis of the forecast data proved that the predicted results can only be achieved by doubling the use of renewable energy during this period. This result can be achieved if alternative energy development management is applied. The need to manage the development of alternative energy in its different forms requires the use of appropriate methods and tools of public administration. Therefore, the classification of ways, tools and methods of development management has become extremely important. This classification proposed in this paper allows us to apply a systematic approach to the selection of effective tools, ways and methods of managing the development and modernization of efficient production and use of energy using renewable energy sources. It is established that the average profitability of alternative energy projects is ~ 20% and the payback period is 5-6 years. To compensate for the technological and economic shortcomings of certain types of energy production, it is proposed to optimize costs by investing in their integrated use. To encourage investment in alternative energy projects, it is proposed to introduce competitive energy purchases in the market. According to the calculations, it is possible to reduce the «green» tariff by 10% and then reduce it by 2.5% annually for three years. The combined «green» tariff for solar and wind energy installations of households should be 0.1228 EUR / kWh.
Губарь О.В. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри економічної теорії та підприємництва, Національний університет «Запорізька політехніка»
The article examines structural shifts in the labor resources and demography of the Russian Federation, its economic potential and sources of filling the GDP. It was determined that the Russian Federation has income from the export of oil and gas, which it uses for the development of dual technologies and the production of military products. It was established that the Russian Federation uses its military potential to conduct armed conflicts, seize and annex the territories of other countries, or create unrecognized territorial groups that cannot develop their own economy and actually become colonies of the Russian Federation, which dictates its laws and places its military contingent on their territories. Such a policy allows the Russian Federation to seize not only territories, but also enterprises and even include the population in its composition, thereby, improving its demography. Armed conflicts are accompanied by human losses, but according to Russian statistics, before the invasion of Ukraine, the losses were not significant, and the inclusion of the population of the annexed territories into the Russian Federation only improved demography. The article builds a model that allows forming the composition of the population by age groups based on information about the birth of the population and taking into account the features of growing up and natural mortality. Using this model, it is possible to calculate the population size by age groups both for the entire population and separately for men and women. With the help of this model, the composition of the population by age groups was constructed based on information on annual birth rate starting from 1946 and taking into account the mortality rate at each age. The paper compares data on the composition of the population by age groups as of January 1, 2022 and data obtained with the help of the model. The comparison revealed anomalies in the data on the demographic composition of the population obtained from the censuses conducted in 2002, 2010 and 2020. The first anomaly is manifested in the fact that the population aged 15 to 50 years, given by official statistics as of 01/01/2022, exceeds the number of births in the corresponding years. Population migration statistics do not confirm such a movement. It was found that this could be a systematic error in the organization of the census processes. The second anomaly is a significant decrease in the population in the age groups over 50 years, which significantly exceeds the natural mortality of the population. It was determined that this may be the result of population losses during armed conflicts of past periods. The third anomaly is based on the fact that having additional revenues from the sale of oil and gas, the Russian Federation directs them not to improving the welfare of its own people, but to the production of murder weapons, trades in military equipment and uses it to carry out its own policy of seizing territories, annexing them, or creating unrecognized territorial groups that are unable form their own economy and become actually colonies of the Russian Federation. It was determined that such a strategy is terrorist for the world and genocide for its own people.
Запорізький національний технічний університет У статті розглянуто напрями міжнародного співробітництва національної авіаційної галузі в умовах глобалізації. Проаналізовано вплив глобалізації на формування секторальної структури національної економіки. Визначено, що взаємозалежність та взаємопроникнення національних економік призводить до диспропорцій в їх структурі. Доведено, що вплив глобалізації, як однієї із основних структуроформувальних чинників, прискорює формування постіндустріального суспільства в країнах із трансформаційною економікою. Виокремлено особливості світового авіабудування в умовах глобалізації економіки. Обґрунтовано риси сучасної моделі реалізації проектів світових виробників авіабудування. Розглянуто світову авіабудівну промисловість як «ієрархічну піраміду постачальників». Розкрито досвід провідних країн світу в контексті державної підтримки літакобудування. Запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо формування напрямів міжнародного співробітництва національної авіаційної галузі в умовах глобалізації. Ключові слова: авіаційна галузь, міжнародне співробітництво, інтеграційні умови, глобалізація, авіаційні підприємства, інтернаціоналізація виробництва.
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