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Peptic ulcer is a chronic recurrent disease, accompanied by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission, its main feature is the formation of an ulcer in the wall of the stomach and (or) duodenum, penetrating – in this difference from superficial damage to the mucous membrane (erosions) – into the submucosal layer. The etiology is the appearance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) falling into favorable conditions with weakened microfl and the presence of aggressive factors from the environment. In the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, thinning of the gastrointestinal mucosa and violation of compensation mechanisms at the local level are of paramount importance. An important role in the diagnosis is given to a carefully collected anamnesis and complaints of the patient, supplemented by physical examinations, laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The treatment of patients is based on modern methods of treatment, where the latest drugs with proven effi  and well-proven in clinical practice are used, consistent with the international recommendations of the Maastricht V / Florence Consensus, where anti-helicobacter therapy is mandatory for patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. Currently, treatment is still based on a combination of antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole), and antisecretory agents (proton pump inhibitors). Standard triple therapy, which includes PPIs and two antibiotics (clarithromycin and amoxicillin/metronidazole) are widely used as a main-line regimen for the treatment of infection. In addition, the concomitant use of alternative medicine is important for the emergence of adaptive or synergistic effects against H. pylori infection.

The relevance of the research is determined by the growth of cases of abdominal tuberculosis (AT), which is difficult to diagnose. Aim. Identify clinical features and possibilities of timely AT diagnosis. Materials and methods. Medical reports of 116 AT patients. The results of clinical, microbiological, immunological, radiological, endoscopic and morphological studies were analyzed. The results. AT proceeded under the mask of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (26.3%), alcoholic and biliary hepatitis (11.8%), lymphoproliferative and oncological diseases (61.8%), often generalized against the background of HIV-infection. The duration of the diagnostic search for disease verification exceeded 3 months due to incorrect (erroneous) interpretation of intoxication (26.3%) and radiological pattern in the lungs (23.7%), non - application and late application of laparoscopy (39.5%). Conclusion. When diagnosing AT, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of its clinic and to conduct timely laparoscopy.

The objective: to analyze literature and to compile the most accurate and complete view of lactic acidosis and specific parameters of its treatment in anesthesiology and resuscitation practice. Result. Lactate levels are commonly evaluated in critically ill patients. Hyperlactatemia is defined as a lactate level >2 mmol/L and it is common in the critical care setting. Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis may develop due to increase in lactate production, a decrease in lactate clearance, or a combination of both. The current review provides an overview of pathophysiology of lactate elevation followed by analysis of different etiologies of hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients.Additionally, approach to differential diagnosis and treatment of elevated lactate levels in this category of patients is discussed.

Vascular stiffness is an independent prognostic parameter for the development of cardiac pathology and cardiovascular mortality. The predictive value is high at the preclinical stages of the development of the disease, since blood vessels are an integral marker of cardiovascular pathology, through which classic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are realized. Vascular stiffness increases due to cholesterol deposits and calcification of the vessel wall. On the other hand, an increase in blood pressure (BP) causes changes in the vascular wall, including with the development of arteriolosclerosis, which can also lead to an increase in vascular stiffness.

Recent studies indicate an extremely high prevalence of long-term neurological manifestations among COVID-19 survivors, with nearly a third of patients diagnosed with neurological or psychiatric disorders in the first 6 months after acute COVID-19. Unlike the acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19, the pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID-19 remain poorly understood. Several studies have concluded that both the CNS and the PNS are involved in patients with long COVID. The most common neurological symptoms were fatigue, memory/attention deficits, sleep disturbances, and myalgias, with each symptom occurring in one third of patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impact of COVID-19 on patients, regardless of severity, extends beyond hospitalization for severe cases to continued deterioration in quality of life, mental health, and employment problems. Doctors' awareness of this condition, strict control of metabolic changes and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and effective and safe treatment of identified disorders are the main tasks in the management of patients with this pathology.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major public health problem worldwide. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and is estimated to affect 25 to 30 % of the adult population. Currently, NAFLD is considered as a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver, but also the cardiovascular system. Ultimately, these changes may be responsible for the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with NAFLD. Consistent with this finding, and based on the fact that cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications often determine outcomes in patients with NAFLD, the clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and the Russian Gastroenterological Association, as well as the European Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of NAFLD recommend that a cardiovascular risk assessment should be performed in all NAFLD patients.