There are considered issues of building a Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite System designed to provide the Internet of Things services and adapted to the features of the services and systems of the Internet of Things. The considered system provides the creation of the necessary telecommunication infrastructure based on the Low-Earth-Orbit Broadband Access Satellite System and places Computational Facilities into the Low-Earth-Orbit for to ensure the processing of Internet of Things devices and systems information, and perform computations. The architecture of a “Distributed Satellite” was chosen to construct the telecommunications part of the Internets of Things Satellite System. The chosen architecture allows, on the one hand, to ensure the full functionality of complex telecommunication systems, and on the other hand, to use spacecraft of the form factor nano-satellite / cub-sat. The using of the cube-sat spacecraft for development of the satellite-based system allows to significantly reduce the cost of development of the system and the time of the system deploying. A promising direction in the development of the Internet of Things systems is the implementation of the concept of “Fog Computing” for processing Internet of Things information. To implement “Fog Computing”, it was proposed to include into the composition of each “Distributed Satellite” a separate Satellite-Computer and to build an Orbital Distributed Network based on Satellite-Computers. The issues of the inter-satellite connectivity are considered taking into account ensuring the connection between Satellites-Computers in the framework of the Orbital Distributed Computer Network using inter-satellite links between Distributed Satellites, the characteristics of the orbital construction of the Satellite System Constellation. It was proposed to create and deploy the Distributed Localized Database based on the Orbital Distributed Computer Network, for to ensure the continuous provision of Internet of Things services, taking into account the movement of spacecraft in the orbital plane and the rotation of the Earth. It was shown the direction of transmission of the operational part of a Localized Distributed Database. Proposals are made on the distribution of the excess computational load arising in certain regions of the satellite telecommunications system's service area, involving the resource of neighboring satellite computers in its orbital plane and neighboring orbital planes. An algorithm is proposed for moving the excess computational load to the polar and oceanic regions.
Дается обзор критериев для создания активного орбитального космического корабля с учетом анализа аспектов применения двигательной системы, работающей на перекиси водорода, и возможности его возвращения на Землю. Предложена концепция создания современного типа космического корабля -маневрирующего на орбите возвращающегося беспилотного орбитального аппарата в варианте спутника дистанционного зондирования Земли. В работе отражены результаты оптимизации конструкции ракеты-носителя для орбитального аппарата.
Presented are the results of an analysis of the growing interest in the use of low Earth orbits (up to 1500 km high) for the introduction and development of the Internet of things (Internet of Things - IoT). Industrial Internet of things (Industrial Internet of Things-IIoT). Internet of things for remote areas (Remote Internet of Things - RioT, for the purposes of scientific research and economic use of natural resources, control of the development and operation of infrastructure projects, the operation of territorially distributed industrial production, transport infrastructure. Factors significantly limiting the further introduction of micro and nano satellites are given. The authors proposed to resolve this contradiction on the basis of the developed concept of creating the architecture of a "distributed satellite". As an example, the article considers possible applications of the distributed satellite architecture in two segments of the space information systems market: remote sensing of the Earth and telecommunication systems. The application of the "distributed satellite" in radar systems with synthesized aperture (SAR-system) was considered taking into account the requirements of the operators of satellite SAR-systems and consumers of their information. It is shown. that the use of the "distributed satellite" architecture in SAR-systems also makes it possible to realize the technology of multi-static radar with a "soft" interference base (from 200 m to 1 km). The scheme of organization and interaction of the "distributed satellite" in the satellite-transmitter on the platform of the micro satellite, which is the core of the satellite cluster, and several satellites-receivers on the cube-sat platform is presented. The functions performed by the satellite-transmitter, the inter-satellite radio link and the satellite-receiver are considered in detail. The work of the "distributed satellite" is illustrated by the presented structural diagram of the SAR-system for remote sensing of the Earth, a version of the architecture of the low-orbit satellite communication system and the scheme for constructing a satellite system for the provision of IoT services. In conclusion, it is noted that the architecture of the "distributed satellite" makes it possible to effectively use satellites of the class of micro/nano satellite (cube-sat) to create complex space-based information and telecommunication systems
It is considered the possibility of optimizing the use of the power capabilities of the cube-sat platform included in the "distributed satellite" to improve the performance of its payload. To optimize the use of energy capabilities, it was proposed to disconnect the onboard equipment of the command-and-telemetric radio link in the mode of regular operation of cube-sat in the "distributed satellite". To measure the current navigation parameters of cube-satellite in the conditions of group flight in the "distributed satellite" it is proposed to use the coordinates of the cube-satellite in the satellite coordinate system of the "distributed satellite" root satellite and the relative cube-relative velocity vector relative to the root satellite as the initial data. It is proposed to use a technique based on measurements of the distances between satellites in a "distributed satellite" and the projections of the vector of relative velocity for these distances to determine the coordinates of cube-sat in the satellite coordinate system. The features of the WiMAX broadband access protocol IEEE 802.16 protocols are examined to determine whether it is possible to perform mutual position measurements of satellites as part of a "distributed satellite" in one channel with information transmission. It pointed that the use of built-in means of measuring the range and access of mobile stations to the mobile WiMAX network makes it possible to perform measurements of the distance from the root satellite to the final satellite - cube-sat in the "distributed satellite". To perform the operations of measuring distances between the final satellites in the "distributed satellite", it is proposed to use the "competitive access zone" of the uplink sub-frame in the WiMAX network. A procedure for measuring the range between terminal satellites is proposed, based on measuring the propagation time of the distance measurement test signal between the assigned terminal satellites. It proposed a procedure for transmitting a test signal, taking into account the features of multiple access with orthogonal carrier separation (OFDMA). The proposed procedure can be implemented in a variant of the IEEE 802.16 standard network for application in a "distributed satellite"
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