Mechanisms of fatigue during exercise of circular orientation of various volume and intensity are analyzed from the position of functional systems theory. Peculiarities of fatigue anaerobic metabolism in high-speed sports, aerobic-anaerobic metabolism in sports disciplines connected with high speed endurance and aerobic metabolism in running the long and very long distances are considered. Sprint is dominated by anaerobic processes in working skeletal muscles and central mechanisms of fatigue. Central fatigue is ahead of peripheral fatigue of neuromuscular system. Anaerobic and aerobic oxidation processes occur when running athlete on medium distances. The effects of hypoxia, hypocapnia and accumulation of oxidation products from the working muscles begin to emerge. Disorders in respiratory and cardiovascular system appear. At long distances deep metabolic aerobic changes come, toxic products of metabolism accumulate, water-salt balance impairs, the cellular and molecular processes of excitation in the central and peripheral nervous system change. A combination of different disabilities leads to decrease the athlete neuromuscular system efficiency. System approach enables to reveal the fine line between achieving the body of a new quality level of adaptation to physical loads and breakdowns of compensatory mechanisms associated with the stress of functional systems for ensuring the work.
The heart beat rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the freedivers, basketball players and athletes were investigated at the maximum time of breath holding in a situation of the rest, under increasing stress during work on a cycle ergometer and at the interrupted breath holdings in the course of work on the cycle ergometer with a constant load. The free divers hold their breath for a longer time than the bas-ketball players and athletes. The free divers physical endurance was higher than endurance of the basketball players and athletes at the inter-rupted breath-holdings in the course of work on the cycle ergometer. The breath holding at rest was accompanied by a decrease in the heart beat rate and SpO2 in the free-divers and basketball players. The examinees heart beat rate increased at the physical work on a cycle ergo-meter without breath-holdings. The heart beat rate greatest increase was in the basketball players. The SpO2 had a tendency to reduce. The SpO2 in the free-divers and basketball players declined at the interrupted breath-holdings in the course of work on the cycle ergometer. The athletes SpO2 did not alter. While the free-divers heart beat rate decreased, and the basketball and athletes heart beat rate had a tendency to increase. Consequently the free divers had high capacity for work and high resistance to hypoxia. The basketball players have high capacity for work and low resistance to hypoxia. The athletes have low efficiency and lacked resistance to hypoxia.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rhythmic thermal effects as a means of person´s recovery after intense exercises. Young men with different physical training levels attended the survey. Every subject took part in the two surveys, and in each of them he was offered an increasing in intensity physical activity on a cycle ergometer to failure. Load testing was carried out on the background of constant cadence. However, in the first survey recovery after exercise happened in the saddle ergometer at rest, and in the second - also in the saddle of a bicycle ergometer, but already against the background of the impact of rhythmic thermal incentives. Rhythmic thermal incentives, which temperature is averaged about 30 degrees Celsius, were served with a thermal element, which is housed in the nasolabial triangle of the tested person. The thermal element was turned on for inspiration and off as you exhale. It was allowed to subject subconsciously to regulate the supply of heat by changing the breath pattern. Load testing process was monitoring by ECG and blood pressure measurement. Analysis of the material showed, that the rhythmic thermal impacts might be the effective non-drug method. It may be used to rehabilitate the human functional state after intensive physical activity. When restoring the background of rhythmic thermal impacts of the test improving the subjective well-being, normalization of vegetative balance, reduced the heart rate is a certain level of physical performance. It is established that recovery amid RTI is more likely to be recommended to the persons with high tone of the sympathetic nervous system, since against the background of RTI a marked weakening of the sympathetic effects on the heart was noted, while the recovery process was characterized by more pronounced reduction in heart rate and ended the 6th minute.
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