Aim. To identify the effect of drugs on the functional state of the salivary glands in patients with essential hypertension. Methods. A total of 38 hypertensive patients were examined. Depending on the prescribed drug therapy, all patients were divided into four groups: group 1 received an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; group 2 received a beta-blocker; group 3 received a slow calcium channel blocker, group 4 received a statin. For the analysis of salivary glands, the salivation rate was calculated, pH of the mixed saliva and activity of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were measured. Results. In the mixed saliva of hypertensive patients, the salivation rate decreased in patients taking statins. The pH values of saliva in all groups were within neutral values, from 6.80 to 7.04. The amount of total protein was increased in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins, and was reduced in patients taking beta-adrenoblockers and slow calcium channel blockers. High activity of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase was detected in patients taking statins, which indicates activation of anaerobic bacteria and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, noted in patients taking beta-adrenoblockers, suggests possible violation of the processes of enamel mineralization. High activity of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase in the mixed saliva of observed patients coincides with the increase of papillary marginal alveolar index up to 27±4.6%, which indicates the development of pathology in the periodontal tissues. Conclusion. In patients receiving statins salivation function was suppressed; increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in the mixed saliva indicates activation of anaerobic microflora and tissue protein breakdown in the oral cavity.
Aim. To investigate the role of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β in the pathogenesis of varicose veins in patients of different age groups. Methods. The study included 43 patients. Three groups were identified: patients aged 30-44 years (11 patients, group 1), patients aged 45-59 years (18 individuals, group 2), patients aged 60-74 years (14 individuals, group 3). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in vascular wall were determined spectrophotometrically in patients after phlebectomy. The content of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The highest alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity was detected in tissue samples taken from patients aged 60 to 74 years compared to those obtained from tissue samples from patients of other age groups. Determination of the concentration of IL-1β also showed that the highest concentration of this parameter was found in patients aged 60-74 years, and reaches 13.2±0.54 pg/g of tissue, which is significantly higher than in patients of other study groups. According to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining the content of tumor necrosis factor α in the test samples, increased concentration of this parameter was observed in age group 2, and decreased one in group 3. Conclusion. Increased concentration of IL-1β and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the vascular wall of patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities positively correlates with the patient’s age; concentration of tumor necrosis factor α increases in group 2 and decreases in study group 3, which indicates dysregulation of immuno-inflammatory reactions in the elderly.
Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles or sodium fluoride in patients with non-carious lesions. Methods. Mixed saliva was studied in 40 individuals. All subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=15) used toothpaste №1 containing zinc citrate and sodium fluoride for tooth brushing, group 2 (n=15) brushed teeth with a paste №2 with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles which contained materials removing dental plaque due to antioxidant β-glycyrrhetinic acid possessing anti-inflammatory activity. The control group included 10 subjects with healthy oral cavity. Hyperesthesia of teeth was assessed using Shiff air sensitivity scale, indices of prevalence of tooth hyperesthesia and intensity of tooth hyperesthesia in %, periodontal condition (papillary marginal alveolar index) in % and the oral hygiene score were determined. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (U/l) before and after tooth brushing with toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite particles or sodium fluoride, was also measured. Results. After tooth brushing with both pastes for three months, a decrease of tooth hyperesthesia was observed, as evidenced by the values of Shiff test, index of prevalence of hyperesthesia and intensity of tooth hyperesthesia. Oral hygiene and periodontal state improved. The best effect was observed with a paste №2, containing anti-inflammatory and abrasive components and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. This is confirmed by a decrease of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase present in anaerobic bacteria, as well as activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, reflecting a decrease of inflammation in the periodontal tissues. Conclusion. Use of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles or sodium fluoride reduces hyperesthesia of the enamel and inflammation in the periodontium and is accompanied by decreased activity of enzymes in mixed saliva.
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