The selection of high-producing cows into the group of cows carrying bull calves is of great importance for successful breeding as for a single farm, as for the industry in the whole region. Present work analyses the productivity of the cattle herd in Sverdlovsk region. It was established that the percentage of cows with the yield of more than 7.0 tons of milk per lactation constantly increases. For instance, in 2015, the percentage of such cows was 41.4%, while by 2017 it increased up to 54.2%. Considering generally increased milk yield, the farms have cows with record breaking yields. The absolute champion of 2017 is cow Snegurka 5242 which yield amounted to 17,120 kg of milk per one lactation with the mass fraction of fat of 3.90%, mass fraction of protein of 3.25% and nutritional yield (fat + proteins) of 1223 kg. The analysis of the high-producing cow genotype has demonstrated that the animals with I2D'E'3G'O' allele are characterized by the highest productivity. In the group of selected 2919 cows with the productivity of more than 10.0 tons of milk, 77 species have the yield of more than 11515 kg of milk regarding the maximum lactation. The most highly productive animals can have G2I2Y2E'3Q' allele, 180 animals (6.2%) in the whole group. The determination of the alleles characterizing the immuno-genetic status of high-producing cows allows defining the potential productivity of the offspring and, using this data as the basis, carrying out early estimation of animal productivity aimed at their selection into the group of cows carrying bull calves.
The use of the genetic potential of the Holstein breed to improve local breeds made it possible to create a new Ural type of black-andwhite breed. Cattle in the Ural region are represented by 8 breeds of animals, and the number of black-and-white cows is 81.9%. The productivity of black-motley cows is 6237 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.88% and protein weight ratio of 3.13%. The highest productivity was observed in Holstein cows 7352 kg of milk. In the regions and republics of the region, the number of purebred and 4th generation animals is at the level of 92-100%. At the same time, in the farms of the Tyumen, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk regions and the Perm Territory, all animals are purebred, 84.7% of animals belong to the elite-record and elite class. Thus, high-quality herds of cattle of black and motley breed numbering 485.9 thousand are created in the Ural region.
One of the tasks of selection and breeding work with dairy cattle is to assess the body type of cows in breeding herds. Body type plays an important role in the effi ciency of the use of animals in dairy cattle breeding only harmoniously developed cows when creating optimal conditions for housing and feeding, can show high milk productivity as well as they are less prone to the risks of premature culling for non-selective reasons. The selection of fi rst-calf heifers of Ural type of Black-and-White breed with milk productivity above 7000 kg of milk in breeding organizations of the Sverdlovsk region has been carried out. Materials on 2150 cows with average milk yield of 8622 kg of milk with the content of fat in milk of 3,90 % and protein – 3,20 % have been presented. With an increase in milk yield in fi rst-calf heifers there is a statistically signifi cant improvement in constitutional and performance features. Heifers have good parameters for the development of the body in height, which vary from 7,7 to 8,5 points, strong enough and deep body (fortress: 4,7–5,3 points; depth: 5,7–7,5 points), with well-defi ned milk forms (5,4–6,8 points). The udder of animals is characterized by a bath-shaped form (attachment density: 5,1–5,3 points; length of the front parts: 5,1–6,3 points) and an expressed escutcheon (width: 5,0–6,0 points; height: 7,8–8,3 points; central ligament: 4,9–5,3 points). For obtaining animals of dairy direction productivity with milk yield 7000 kg milk and more should make selection on the next parts of performance: rump high ≥ 7,0 points (from 145 centimeters); the depth of breast ≥ 6,0 points (not less 83 centimeters), length front share udder ≥ 5,0 points (from 21 centimeters), width rear share udder ≥ 5,0 points (not less 16 centimeters), express of dairy forms, central ligament ≥ 5,0 points.
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