Cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders are a common cause of deterioration in the quality of life up to severe disability and death worldwide. Many pathological conditions, including this group of diseases, are based on increased cell death through apoptosis. It is known that this process is associated with signaling pathways controlled by a group of gaseous signaling molecules called gasotransmitters. They are unique messengers that can control the process of apoptosis at different stages of its implementation. However, their role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in these pathological conditions is often controversial and not completely clear. This review analyzes the role of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in apoptotic cell death in cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases. The signaling processes involved in apoptosis in schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders are also considered. The role of gasotransmitters in apoptosis in these diseases is largely determined by cell specificity and concentration. NO has the greatest dualism; scales are more prone to apoptosis. At the same time, CO, H2S, and SO2 are more involved in cytoprotective processes.

Aim. To evaluate the influence of target BP achievement on clinical course and outcomes of pregnancy in pregnant women with arterial hypertension (AH).Material and methods. A cohort study with prospective cohort. Totally 300 pregnant women included; of those in to the 1st group 103 included with AH, who had not reached target BP; into the 2nd – 97 women with AH, who had reached target BP; control consisted of 100 women without AH. Women underwent clinical examination and observation, analysis of medical data, standard laboratory and instrumental investigation, genetic investigation by polymerase chain reaction.Results. Women who had not reached target BP pregnancy complicated more often with fetus development retardation and pre-eclampsy, and in pregancy outcomes there were preterm delivery and antenatal fetus death, newborns from this group had lower weight and height; also they had more often mutation of D-allele of ACE gene (I/D) and mutant C-allele of receptor 1 type angiotensine II gene (ATR11166 A/C) comparing to the group with achieved BP and with controls. By the result of logistic regression study the factor independently associated with total worse outcome, were premature deliveries in anamnesis - increase the risk almost 6 times (OR=5,93, 95% CI 1,83-19,2; p=0,003), pre-eclampsy during current preganancy – increases risk 3,7 times (OR=3,68, 95% CI 1,48-9,16; p=0,005), and target BP acievement (less than 140/90 mmHg) decreases the risk of total negative outcome 8 times (OR=0,12, 95% CI 0,05-0,28; p<0,001).Conclusion. Target BP achievement in pregnant women with AH might be an independent factor influencing the prevalence of obstetric complications and negative outcomes of pregnancy. A definite impact on target BP levels achievement make genetic polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system genes.

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