The Role of Gasotransmitter-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms in Apoptotic Cell Death in Cardiovascular, Rheumatic, Kidney, and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Mental Disorders

Abstract

Cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders are a common cause of deterioration in the quality of life up to severe disability and death worldwide. Many pathological conditions, including this group of diseases, are based on increased cell death through apoptosis. It is known that this process is associated with signaling pathways controlled by a group of gaseous signaling molecules called gasotransmitters. They are unique messengers that can control the process of apoptosis at different stages of its implementation. However, their role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in these pathological conditions is often controversial and not completely clear. This review analyzes the role of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in apoptotic cell death in cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases. The signaling processes involved in apoptosis in schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders are also considered. The role of gasotransmitters in apoptosis in these diseases is largely determined by cell specificity and concentration. NO has the greatest dualism; scales are more prone to apoptosis. At the same time, CO, H2S, and SO2 are more involved in cytoprotective processes.

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Regulation of Cell Death following Neurotrauma and Related Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases

“…Thus, the purpose of this review is a comprehensive analysis of the current data on the role of H 2 S in the survival and death of neurons and glial cells in neurotrauma and related mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. This large-scale review study is a natural continuation of a recently published review in which we summarized scientific research on the role of gasotransmitters in apoptotic cell death in cardiovascular, renal, rheumatic, neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders [ 42 ]. As a result, we decided to focus our attention on H 2 S as a potential cytoprotective signaling molecule.…”

Hydrogen Sulfide: An Emerging Regulator of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Homeostasis—A Comprehensive One-Year Review

“…The biological functions of H 2 S are versatile and multidirectional, playing pivotal roles in vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation modulation, oxidative balance, cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis [ 35 ], glucose regulation, energy metabolism [ 36 ], and cellular survival and longevity [ 37 ]. But, all these biological functions are also part of cellular homeostasis [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…While previous reviews have discussed H 2 S’s involvement in vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation modulation, oxidative balance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, glucose regulation, energy metabolism, cellular survival, and longevity [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], our review uniquely ties these biological functions to the overarching concept of cellular homeostasis [ 38 , 39 ]. We explore further how H 2 S orchestrates multifaceted responses to maintain equilibrium within the cell, offering readers a comprehensive view of its role in various physiological processes.…”

“…We aim to delve into the current understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms that dictate the role of H 2 S in these processes, drawing upon the latest research from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (Figure 1). While previous reviews have discussed H2S's involvement in vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation modulation, oxidative balance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, glucose regulation, energy metabolism, cellular survival, and longevity [35][36][37], our review uniquely ties these biological functions to the overarching concept of cellular homeostasis [38,39]. We explore further how H2S orchestrates multifaceted responses to maintain equi- While previous reviews have discussed H 2 S's involvement in vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation modulation, oxidative balance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, glucose regulation, energy metabolism, cellular survival, and longevity [35][36][37], our review uniquely ties these biological functions to the overarching concept of cellular homeostasis [38,39].…”

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…Despite its notorious association with the smell of rotten eggs and its potential for toxicity in high concentrations, H 2 S has emerged as a molecule of interest in studying many physiological and pathological processes [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. H 2 S is endogenously produced in the brain through the enzymatic breakdown of cysteine by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) [ 52 ].…”