The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This review explores the emerging role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in modulating epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has begun to elucidate the multifaceted ways in which H2S influences the epigenetic landscape and, subsequently, the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. H2S can modulate key components of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, impacting gene expression and cellular functions relevant to neuronal survival, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity. We synthesize recent research that positions H2S as an essential player within this intricate network, with the potential to open new therapeutic avenues for these currently incurable conditions. Despite significant progress, there remains a considerable gap in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating H2S levels or its downstream targets. We conclude by identifying future directions for research aimed at exploiting the therapeutic potential of H2S in neurodegenerative diseases.

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Localization and Expression of p53 and Cell Death in the Nervous Tissue in Traumatic Brain Injury and Axotomy

“…In turn, H 2 S is an important link in the pathogenesis of these diseases [11,61]. In addition, p53 and H 2 S play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases [62,63]. Therefore, our results can be considered in the context of these pathological conditions and are of interest to specialists in this field.…”

Hydrogen Sulfide: An Emerging Regulator of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Homeostasis—A Comprehensive One-Year Review

“…H 2 S has also emerged as a critical regulator in cellular homeostasis through epigenetic mechanisms. Through its role in modulating transcription factors, chromatin remodeling, and methylation patterns, H 2 S intricately controls cellular functions [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Mechanistic Intimate Insights into the Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Recent Systematic Review

“…The investigation into the role of H 2 S in AD constitutes an evolving frontier that transcends the conventional confines of neurodegenerative research. As the data synthesized in the Results section demonstrate, H 2 S is not merely a peripheral player but, rather, occupies a nexus of biochemical, vascular, and cellular interactions integral to both the pathogenesis and potential therapeutics of AD [8,25].…”

“…The data highlight intricate interactions between H 2 S and diverse neurovascular and cognitive pathways that warrant further investigation. Future inquiries should aim to dissect the modulatory influences of H 2 S across various pathological states, explore the pharmacodynamics of H 2 S-targeted interventions, and assess the clinical implications of these insights within the broader rubric of multimorbid neurovascular diseases [8].…”

“…While considerable strides have been made in understanding the pathological features of AD-namely, the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides [3] and the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins [4,5]-these classical hallmarks only partially account for the disease's multifactorial etiology [6]. This has invigorated scholarly inquiries into the roles of other critical biochemical entities [7], among which Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) has emerged as a molecule of a significant role [8].…”