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The review is devoted to the microbiome interactions with physiologic and pathologic processes that have place during child organism development. Modern data concerning the questions of the microbiome formation in children are examined, beginning from the intrauterine fetus development and further during the process of ontogenesis. Characteristics of the microbiota content and functional activity in infants are presented. Influence of changed microbiota on the disease development in the child age is described. Analysis of the data available is performed with appreciation of medicines used for the improvement of microbiome health at different forms of child pathology. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Candidiasis is the commonest opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. As a result of immune-deficiency of the organism, yeasts of Candida genus by acting as commensal organisms transmute into pathogenic organisms. The article presents frequency of isolation, topographic peculiarities, species range, sensitivity of the Candida yeasts to antimycotics and newly-synthesized derivatives of amino alcohols isolated from the sub-biotopes of the oral cavity of patients with oncopathologies. The survey of the material included microscopic, mycologic, statistical-analytical methods. For all the clinical isolates the sensitivity to antifungal preparations was determined. Over the study 492 sub-biotopes of the oral cavity were examined. The extraction of the material was made from the mucous membrane of the cheek, angle of the mouth, mucous membrane of the surface of the tongue and the palate. According to the results of the conducted studies, the level of candidal carriage on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity in the patients with oncopathologies without clinical signs of candidiasis equaled 25.0%, active candidiasis infection was found in 47.0% of cases. Among the clinical strains, we isolated: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Among all the isolated strains, in all 4 sub-biotopes C. albicans dominated accounting for 73.1%. In 4 sub-biotopes we detected the association of two species of Candida. Analysis of the obtained results of the susceptibility of strains to modern antymicotics and newly-synthesized substances revealed that the representatives of non-albicans are more resistant to the antifungal preparations. Among the commercial preparations, amphotericin B exerted the highest activity against the clinical isolates of yeast-like fungi. The concentration of 0.97 µg/mL inhibited 50.0% of representatives of non-albicans, and also 75.0% of isolates of C. albicans. Fluconazole exhibited activity in the concentration of 1 µg/mL towards 17.0% of non-albicans and 25.0% of С. albicans. Itraconazole was observed to have no significant antifungal activity. Among the newly-synthesized aryl acyclic amino alcohols, compound Kc22 displayed high activity against both groups of Candida (experimental and control) making it promising for creating new therapeutic preparations. The parameters of resistance of clinical isolates to modern antimycotics indicate the necessity of constant monitoring of the sensitivity of the pathogens of candidiasis and precise species identification for rational use of antifungal preparations and prevention of the development of antimycotic resistance.

In recent years, the human microbiome studies have been a relevant direction of biomedical sciences. A progress in the modern science has enabled to consider the microbiome as an additional human organ. It is involved in digestion and many other metabolic processes, as well as in maintaining the integrity of epithelial barrier, organizing the colonization resistance, neutralizing endo-and exogenous toxins, developing and maintaining the immune system and other physiologic functions; also, it optimizes conditions for normal functioning of the human organism as a whole. Therefore, maintaining the physiologic state of microbiome at all stages of the human life, from the early life till the extreme old age, has an enormous importance for promoting good health of population at any age.Problems. There has been observed an increase in the number of children and adults suffering from diseases associated with microbiome dysfunctions. Therefore, developing innovative means for microbiome improvement and creation of new methodologies for their clinical application is an important contribution to maintenance of the public health, treatment and prevention of many diseases.Purpose. Developing innovative technologies for human microbiome improvement. Materials and Methods. Methods for theoretical generalization, microbiological, biochemical and genetic research methods.Results. Modern research in the field of human microbial ecology has been generalized. New generation technologies for producing means of microbiome improvement have been developed. Treatment regimens have been created for patients with different profiles.Conclusions. Innovative biological technologies that provide means of microbiome improvement with high multifunctional biotherapeutic efficiency have been created. In particular, new generation multiprobiotics, unique enterosorbent prebiotics, and complex means of probiotic and sorption therapy have been designed. The results ensure effective means that facilitate the formation, maintenance, and restoration of healthy microbiome at all stages of human ontogenesis, from the birth to the extreme old age.

Chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) hold one of main places among leading diseases of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) in childhood. A special category is children who have CGD against the background of connective tissue (CT) dysplasia (DCT). CGD in such children is characterized by early appearance, aggressive, gradient course with frequent acute conditions and recurrences with evident symptoms of nonspecific intoxication manifestations. Defect of collagen synthesis leads to pronounced morphological changes of proximal GIT mucous membrane (MM) and decline in its cytoptotecive abilities. Challenges related to the qualitative and quantitative local ecosystem changes can aggravate immune and metabolic local processes and enhance the destruction of proximal GIT mucous membrane. Aforesaid defines the need to include multiprobiotics into the treatment schemes of patient with CGD, associated with congenital fibrogenesis disorders, as adjuvant therapy with complex therapeutic action; they positively influence the CT metabolism, improve reparative processes in MM, normalize immune processes and maintain composition and functions of physiological microbiota.Purposes -improvement of CGD treatment efficiency in children with DCT through inclusion of the multiprobiotic Symbiter ® forte-M into the treatment schemes.Materials and methods. There were examined 33 children with CGD on the background of DCT and 32 healthy children (control) from 11 to 17 years old. The state of the mucous barrier was estimated by certain mucin constituents (fucose, glycosaminoglycans, sialic acids) assessing, antimicrobial peptides (ß2-defencins), non-specific humoral factors of the local immunity (immunoglobulins, lysozyme) in mucous secretions (saliva, coprofiltrate (CF)) before and after probiotic therapy.Results. Increased concentrations of ß 2 -defencins (p saliva = 0.03, p CF = 0.03), sialic acids (P = 0.04) and lysozyme (P = 0.01) and decreased of fucose level (P = 0.03) in mucous secretions under application of multicomponent probiotic preparation were observed. Conclusions.In children with DCT and CGD development, mucins, forming protective homeostatic barrier between residential microbiota and basic immune intestinal cells, contain in their composition increased quantity of fucose-containing glycoproteins and low amount of sialic acids; this influences microbiota and activity of cytoprotective and reparative processes in MM. Inclusion of the multiprobiotic Symbiter ® forte-M into the standard treatment scheme leads to the normalization of some mucus glycoproteins and non-specific humoral local immunity factors. Due to its complex composition with high probiotic and immunomodulatory properties and natural mineral gel (smectite) inclusion, the multiprobiotic improves cytoprotective and reparative properties of GIT mucous membrane and reduces the likelihood of severe destructive processes in children with CGD and DCT development.Ад'ювантна терапія хронічних гастродуоденітів у дітей із дисплазією сполучної тканини О. М. Муквіч, Д. С. Янковський, В. ...

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Показано, що варіанти Лбент+ і Авент-вакцинного штаму вірусу поліомієліту III типу, які з'являються під час репродукції у культурі клітин, мають відмінності в нуклеотидній по слідовності гена VP І. Визначено, що у варіанта Авент+ у положенні 2900 міститься аденін, у той час як у варіанта Абент-гуанін. Відповідно в складі білка VPI відбувається заміна аспарагіну на аспарагінову кислоту в положенні 142, що впливає на заряд і конформацію поверхневих білків віріону.

Вивчено вплив внутрішньоутробної експериментальної ентеровірусної інфекції на хромосомний апарат плоду. Аналіз спектра цитогенетичних порушень в ембріональних клітинах мишей (поліплоїдія, анеуплоїдія, пробіли хромосом) свідчить, що вони залежать від типу вірусів і періоду вагітності.