The research provided includes analysis of the current state of the problem on the use of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy. These therapeutic options were evaluated in terms of their importance for the risk of breast cancer. The possibility of using these drugs in a cohort of high-risk patients (women with family history of breast cancer) and in the group of patients with benign pathology was analyzed as well. Modern trends of menopausal hormone therapy prescription in different clinical situations were determined.
Патологическое повышение уровня пролактина-гиперпролактинемия-один из основных показателей дисфункции гипоталамо-гипофизарно-яичниковой системы. В результате этого ослабляется влияние дофамина на лактофоры, что приводит к их персистирующей гиперплазии и формированию функционально активных микро-и макроаденом с последующим еще большим повышением уровня пролактина. По статистическим данным, пролактиномы обнаруживаются у 25-30% женщин с патологической гиперпролактинемией.
This article discusses the historical development of oncoplastic surgery, describes the main stages of oncoplastic breast surgery, indications and contraindications for it, and the algorithms for choosing an appropriate surgical technique for patients with breast cancer.
Diseases of the mammary glands (usually benign) have the incidence of 5–12% in the structure of children diseases. Breast cancer is extremely rare (less than 1% of all breast diseases). This review contains actual data on the most common focal pathology of mammary glands in teenage girls such as: focal hyperplasia, cysts and breast fibroepithelial tumors. Clinical manifestations, morphological picture and diagnostics are described. Main approaches to treatment of patients with focal pathology of mammary glands are defined. The presented data is crucial for timely diagnosis of focal pathology of mammary glands, selection of examination tactics, management and necessary measures for oncological diseases prevention in children.
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