Северо-западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова 1 , Городская больница Святой преподобномученицы Елизаветы 2 , г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация Проблемам лечения третичного перитонита посвящено большое количество научных работ, затрагивающих самые разные аспекты этого заболевания. Анализ литературы демонстрирует тенденцию к росту частоты персистирующих перитонитов среди пациентов хирургических стационаров и отсутствие единых подходов к его лечению. Диагностические критерии третичного перитонита крайне неспецифичны, что затрудняет построение эффективной лечебной программы. В данной статье основное внимание уделено вопросам адекватной санации брюшной полости как одному из основных лечебных компонентов. Применение плановых и релапаротомий «по требованию» внедрено в клиническую практику давно, однако четких показаний к применению конкретной оперативной тактики в доступной литературе обнаружено не было. Дана сравнительная оценка различным способам ведения брюшной полости (открытому, закрытому, полуоткрытому, полузакрытому). Рассмотрены основные пути минимизации операционной травмы, неизбежно сопутствующей многократным хирургическим вмешательствам и приводящей к развитию осложнений со стороны органов брюшной полости и передней брюшной стенки. Проблема третичного перитонита, безусловно, далека от своего окончательного решения и дальнейший научный поиск, направленный на совершенствование хирургических подходов, должен способствовать улучшению ближайших результатов лечения.Ключевые слова: третичный перитонит, санация, брюшная полостьThe problems of tertiary peritonitis treating are described in a large amount of scientific papers covering various aspects of this disease. The analysis of the literature shows an increased frequency of persistent peritonitis among patients of surgical units and the lack of unified approaches to its treatment. The diagnostic criteria of tertiary peritonitis are extremely non-specific, which makes it difficult to work out an effective treatment program. This article focuses on adequate sanitation of the abdominal cavity as one of the main therapeutic components. The use of planned and "on demand" relaparotomies was introduced into clinical practice long ago, however, no clear indications for the use of specific operational tactics were found in the available literature. A comparative assessment is given to different ways of abdominal cavity managing (open, closed, half-open, half-closed). The main ways of operative injury minimizing, that inevitably accompanies repeated surgical interventions and leads to the development of abdominal complication, are considered. Obviously, the problem of tertiary peritonitis is far from its final decision, and further scientific research aimed at surgical approaches upgrade should help to improve the results of treatment.
The objective is to study acute perforated ulcers of the small bowel, which arise as a complication after operations on the abdominal and pelvic organs.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of patient’s cases whose postoperative period was complicated by the development of acute perforated ulcers of small bowel.Results. Over the past 20 years, the frequency of this complication increased by 8 times. In the structure of primary nosology, various types of oncological diseases prevail (69.4 %), moreover most patients underwent emergency operations. Most often, this complication occurred on the 4–10th day of the postoperative period, and the ulcers were multiple. Among these patients, there was an extremely high mortality rate of 74.2 %.Conclusion. Considering the significant increase in the number of this complication in recent years and the high level of mortality among patients, a detailed study of acute perforated ulcers of the small intestine of the postoperative period is necessary.
BACKGROUND Much attention is currently given to the issues of surgical treatment of common forms of secondary peritonitis, which is associated with unsuccessful results of treatment of this group of patients and the lack of a unified approach to surgical tactics among patients requiring repeated surgical interventions for adequate sanitation of the abdominal cavity.AIM OF STUDY Improvement of the immediate results of treatment of patients with generalized secondary peritonitis by determining the approaches to choosing the optimal surgical tactics.MATERIAl AND METHODS We analyzed the results of treatment of 220 patients with common forms of secondary peritonitis who were treated at the Elizavetinskaya hospital of St. Petersburg in the period from 2013 to 2019. The indicated patients were divided into two groups, comparable in terms of the main features, including the depth pathomorphological changes in the abdominal cavity, assessed by calculating abdominal cavity index (ACI) and the Mannheim peritonitis Index (MPI). The main group consisted of 109 patients, where developed algorithm was used, which supposed planned sanitation relaparotomies within up to 2 days in patients with high values of ACI and MPI. The comparison group included 111 patients who underwent sanitation interventions “on demand”, that is, in the presence of signs of persistence of the infectious process in the abdominal cavity. The results of treatment were compared by assessing the level and structure of postoperative mortality, the frequency of complications, and the length of stay in intensive care units and hospital. Mathematical-statistical dataprocessing, calculations of intensive and extensive coefficients of features, assessment of the statistical significance of differences in features for the studied groups were carried out.RESUlTS The use of a differentiated approach to performing planned relaparotomy in patients with generalized peritonitis made it possible to reduce the overall mortality 1.7-fold (from 51.3 to 30.2%) (p=0.001) due to a decrease in the proportion of abdominal sepsis as a cause of unfavorable the outcome. No significant effect of the use of this algorithm on the frequency and structure of complications, as well as the duration of multiple organ failure, was found.FINDINGS The use of planned relaparotomy among the selected patients helps to reduce postoperative mortality without significantly negatively affecting other treatment results.
Surgical treatment of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction is an unsolved problem due to the high frequency of relapses. The aim of this work was to improve the results of treatment of patients with acute adhesive intestinal obstruction by preventive measures improvement. The paper set out the principles of curative and prophylactic algorithm, that can help to reduce the frequency of relapses and improve long-term results. The algorithm includes operative treatment using endovideosurgical access and differentiated approach to the use of preventive measures. The best results were achieved by per- forming planned surgical operations.
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