The model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in C57Bl/6 mice was employed to study the role of precursors of insulin-producing β-cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and progenitor hematopoietic cells in inflammation. In addition to provoking hyperglycemia, streptozotocin elevated serum levels of IL-1β and hyaluronic acid, induced edema in the pancreatic insular tissue and its infiltration by inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages) and fibroblasts. Inflammation in pancreatic islets was accompanied by necrotic processes and decreasing counts of multipotent progenitor β-cells (CD45(-), TER119(-), c-kit-1(-), and Flk-1(-)), oligopotent progenitor β-cells (CD45(-), TER119(-), CD133(+), and CD49f(low)), and insulinproducing β-cells (Pdx1(+)). Pancreatic infl ammation was preceded by elevation of the number of short-term hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-Sca-1(+)c-kit(+)CD34(+)) relative to long-term cells (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+)CD34(-)) in the bone marrow as well as recruitment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into circulation. Transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from diabetic C57Bl/6 donor mice to recipient CBA mice with 5-fluorouracilinduced leukopenia accelerated regeneration of granulocytopoiesis in recipient mice.
ВведениеВ последние десятилетия значительно по-высился интерес к обоснованию и диагности-ке хронического эндометрита, который рассма-тривают как причину неудачных попыток ЭКО (от 13 до 83, 3 %), невынашивания беременно-сти (от 27 до 42 % случаев) [1][2][3].Высокий процент неэффективного ЭКО и невынашивания беременности определяет актуальность изучения морфогенеза, своевре-менной диагностики и патогенетически направ-ленной терапии хронического эндометрита. В последние годы для морфофункциональной диагностической оценки эндометрия широко используется офисная гистероскопия. Этот ме-тод является высокоспецифичным и чувстви-тельным (40-80 %) при диагностике полипов и хронического эндометрита [3][4][5] ■ Complex clinic-morphological study of uterine cavity scraping and a comparative hysteroscopic study of 964 women with infertility and unsuccessful IVF attemps were carried out. For the first time two prognostically meaningful clinicmorphological forms of chronic endometritis-polypoid and lymphofollicular are described. Specific features of their typical gradual morphogenesis and features of chronicity of diagnostic value are established. An algorithm for histological and hysteroscopic diagnostics is introduced.■
Aim: to evaluate the endometrial expression of e-cadherin in relation to the estrogen-progesterone-receptor status of the endometrium.Materials and methods. In total 137 women were examined including 81 patients with infertility and 40 with a history of early pregnancy loss (main group); for comparison, 16 healthy fertile women (control group) were also examined. Endometrial aspiration biopsy was performed on 6–8 days after ovulation; in parallel, a peripheral blood sample was taken to determine the levels of estradiol and progesterone. A histological and immunohistochemical study of the endometrium with determination of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and e-cadherin expression was carried out.Results. All fertile women (n = 16) and only 44 % (n = 53) of patients in the main group had the normal pattern of hormonereceptor endometrial interactions, i. e., low expression of ER and PR in the endometrial glands as well as reduced expression of ER and high expression of PR in the endometrial stroma. The endometrial e-cadherin expression was assessed in the following cohorts: a) women with normal hormone-receptor interactions (16 women in the control group and 53 women in the main group); b) with abnormal variants of hormone-receptor interactions in the endometrium (68 patients in the main group). The frequency of reduced e-cadherin expression was significantly lower in the cohort of women with normal estrogenprogesterone-receptor endometrial status (a) than in the cohort of women with abnormal variants of the endometrial “response” (b): in the luminal epithelium – in 5 % (3 out of 63) (а) vs. 17 % (8 out of 47) (b) (p < 0.05); in the glands – in 13 % (9 out of 69) (a) vs. 37 % (25 out of 68) (b) (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The estrogen-progesterone-receptor status of the endometrium is significant for the e-cadherin expression in the luminal epithelium and glands of the endometrium.
Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины им. А.М. Никифорова МЧС России (Россия, СанктПетербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 4/2) Актуальность. Доказана взаимосвязь состояния верхнего отдела желудочнокишечного тракта с из менением минеральной плотности костной ткани (МПК). Известно, что гормональная регуляция играет ключевую роль на фоне осложненной гастродуоденальной патологии. Свое действие на органымишени гормоны опосредуют с помощью специфических рецепторов, однако уровень экспрессии рецепторов стероидных гормонов и витамина D при кислотозависимых заболеваниях желудка и двенадцатиперст ной кишки и при сопутствующем нарушении обмена в костной ткани остается недостаточно исследо ванным.Цель -изучить содержание рецепторов стероидных гормонов и витамина D в слизистой оболоч ке двенадцатиперстной кишки и их гормонов в сыворотке крови у пациентов разных возрастных групп с кислотозависимыми заболеваниями желудка и изменением МПК.Методология. Обследованы 30 спасателей МЧС России -мужчин в возрасте от 23 до 54 лет -30 [27; 32] и 74 ликвидатора последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС в возрасте от 55 до 80 лет -59 [55; 71]. Проведено гистологическое исследование слизистой оболочки двенадцатиперстной кишки, иммуноги стохимическое исследование рецепторов витамина D (DR), андрогенов (AR), эстрогенов альфа (ERα) и бета (ERβ), прогестерона (PR) и глюкокортикоидов (GR), их гормонов в крови, МПК. Результаты и их анализ. У всех пациентов были обнаружены хронический гастрит и хронический дуо денит. Нарушение МПК и остеопенический синдром выявлены у 40 % (12) спасателей и 64,8 % (48) лик видаторов. Установлено, что в слизистой оболочке двенадцатиперстной кишки у ликвидаторов послед ствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС статистически достоверно обнаруживаются рецепторы DR (74 %), AR (52,7 %) и ERβ (37,8 %) и не определяются PR (0 %) и GR (0 %) в сравнении с пациентами группы спа сателей -DR (30 %), AR (0 %), ERβ (0 %), PR (73,3 %), GR (73,3 %) соответственно (p < 0,001.) Выявлены статистически достоверные связи снижения МПК и остеопенического синдрома у ликвидаторов аварии с AR и ERβ в слизистой оболочке и тестостерона и эстрадиола в крови, тогда как у спасателей МЧС Рос сии эти проявления связаны с наличием PR и GR в слизистой оболочке и нормальным уровнем гормонов в сыворотке крови (p < 0,05). Цитоплазматическая локализация рецепторов PR и DR может указывать на нарушение механизма связывания прогестерона со своим рецептором на клеточномолекулярном уров не и участие витамина D в патогенезе формирования остеопенического синдрома.Заключение. Обнаруженные различия гормонрецепторных взаимодействий при остеопеническом синдроме у ликвидаторов последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС, с одной стороны, и у мужчинспа сателей (без фактора радиации), с другой, не исключают как общность его патогенеза, представляя раз личные стадии, характерные для разных возрастных групп, так и наличие двух разнонаправленных меха низмов развития остеопороза, что требует дальнейшего изучения.Ключевые слова: спасатель, ликвида...
Effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is an important means to reduce the risk of precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa and prevention of gastric cancer. A search for non-invasive diagnostic tools for Helicobacter pylori infection, evaluation of the effectiveness of eradication remains of high importance.The aim of the study was to assess an informative value of detecting pepsinogen I and II as well as serum antibodies to Helicobacter pylori while assessing an efficacy of treated chronic Helicobacter gastritis and identifying preneoplastic changes in the stomach mucosa. There enrolled 113 male patients with chronic gastritis aged 41 to 76, average age- (56.7±0.7) years. Examination of patients was carried out at admission to the clinic, as well as at 2 and 12 months after administering a standard eradication therapy. It was found that Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 101 (89.4%) patients. Groups of patients with effective eradication therapy were noted. A time-dependent level of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori, as well as measured concentration of pepsinogen I and II after the onset of eradication treatment were determined. Which were analyzed in connection with the results of histology examination of gastric mucosa biopsy specimens and expression of oncoproteins Ki-67, Bcl-2, c-erbB-2, p16 in the gastric mucosa depending on efficacy of eradication therapy. It is shown that effective eradication therapy was characterized by significantly decreased serum level of IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori 2 months after the onset of treatment. Moreover, a significantly decreased pepsinogen II and serum IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori during eradication therapy were accompanied by a significant decrease in Ki-67 expression in the gastric epithelium. Decreased concentration of pepsinogen II within the first year after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy was due to a greater decrease in activity of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa than to dynamic changes in gastric atrophy and metaplasia. An inverse relation between the serum level of pepsinogen I and atrophy as well as intestinal metaplasia within the gastric mucosa were found.
Clinical, imaging, laboratory and morphological data of a metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) patient were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical picture consisted of progressing pyramidal, cerebellar, brain stem, optical, mental, and bowel and bladder disturbances, and epileptic seizures. Large symmetric periventricular T2 lesions were seen on the magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Unspecific lesions of 11C-methionine storage were found by brain positron emission tomography. Light microscopy of brain biopsy did not reveal any morphological changes specific for MLD, but some unusual pictures of myelinopathy in many myelin fibers were detected by electron microscopy. Biochemical analysis of lysosomal ferments or their activator proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) diagnostics were conclusive for the diagnosis of MLD. Differential diagnosis was performed to identify various leukodystrophy forms and other central nervous system diseases.
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