Background Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia (ILVAH) is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality, which might result in severe symptomatic heart failure (HF) with pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation (AF), or malignant ventricular tachycardia in adults. Case summary A 32-years-old man presented with exertional dyspnoea New York Heart Association Class II and persistent AF. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance showed the presence of (i) spherical remodelling of the left ventricle (LV) with impaired contractile function (three-dimensional ejection fraction, EF 32%); (ii) substitution of apical myocardium by fatty tissue; (iii) abnormal origin of a papillary muscle network; and (iv) an elongated right ventricle, compatible with ILVAH. In addition, non-compacted endomyocardial layer of the LV was observed. Because of a high risk of sudden cardiac death in symptomatic HF patients with reduced EF, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was placed which followed by pulmonary vein isolation. After the procedures and restoration of sinus rhythm, the patient demonstrated improvement in HF symptoms and exercise tolerance. This was accompanied by an enhancement of left and right ventricular systolic function by echocardiography. At 6-month, 1, and 2-year follow-up the clinical conditions of the patient and echocardiographic findings remained stable. Discussion A rare combination of ILVAH and left ventricular myocardium non-compaction was observed in this young adult who presented with symptomatic HF and persistent AF. The use of consecutive invasive cardiac procedures leads to restoration of sinus rhythm, the improvement of myocardial contractility and clinical manifestation of HF.
Обзор литературы касается поражения сердца при COVID-19. Представлен протокол ультразвукового исследования «point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)» для пациентов с COVID-19. Показана целесообразность оценки механики левого (ЛЖ) и правого желудочков (ПЖ) у больных COVID-19. Ключевые слова:COVID-19, поражение сердца, миокардит, эхокардиография, правый желудочек, глобальная деформация правого желудочка, глобальная деформация левого желудочка, протокол ультразвукового исследования «point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)». Конфликт интересов:авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Прозрачность финансовой деятельности:никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах.
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Dysfunction of the RV in patients with HFrEF is a prognostically unfavorable factor, which depends on the etiology, the duration of myocardial damage and the tactics of the treatment (Pharmacotherapy, Heart Surgery, CRTD, Heart Transplantation). RV function in patients with HFrEF realized in the concept of continuous contraction of the muscle tape proposed by Torrent-Guasp, where systolic and diastolic interventricular interactions are carried out through the common IVS and implemented in the degree of dyssynchrony of ventricular contraction. 3DERV and STE (GLSRV, FWLS) may add the prognostic value of the more commonly used RV functional parameters as the sensitive echocardiographic predictors of worse prognosis in patients with HFrEF. Methods and Results A total of 79 patients with HFrEF (age, from 26 to 77 years; the clinical manifestations of HFrEF corresponded to NYHA III in 52 patients (71%), NYHA IV in 27 patients (29%); LV EF ≤ 35%). The etiology of HFrEF was mainly connected to patients with ischemic heart disease- 50 (63.2%), non-ischemic genesis 29 (36, 7%).The primary endpoint was a death in the follow-up period of up to 3 years in 33 patients (45,2%). An adverse outcomes and mortality during the first year was 17 (23,2%). All patients were divided into subgroups 1 (n = 40) - survived during the 3-year, subgroups 2 (n = 33) - died during the 3-year follow-up period. The presence of RV dysfunction in patients with HFrEF was independently associated with concomitant LV dysfunction but not with PASP (PASP/GLSLV, % (р=0,94), PASP/FWLS RV, % (р=0,97). RV contractility was realized through systolic and diastolic ventricular interactions, mediated through the shared IVS. This putative mechanism was supported by the independent association between septal S’ and S (HR - 1,12; 95%; Cl 0,99-1,26; p = 0,049), GLS BS LV, % и FWLS BS RV, % (HR - 0,90; 95%; Cl 0,79-1,00; p = 0,040). Kaplan–Meier plot, RVFWS > -15%, (χ2 – 4,438; р < 0,035), GLS >-10%, (χ2 – 3,796; р< 0,05), RVBSLS >-15%, (χ2 – 11,986; р = 0,0005), 3DERVEF <25% (χ2 – 7,518; р = 0,006), %CVCI <30% (χ2 – 7,85; р = 0,005), 3DE RAV > 100 ml (χ2 – 4,36; р = 0,036) were an independent predictors of worse prognosis in patients with HFrHF. The curves of the ROC analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of GLSRV - 80.7% as a prognostic factor of survival in patients with HrEF. At the same time, FWLS RV had a specificity (87.5%) compared to GLSRV, %, the longitudinal deformation of the isolated segments of the FWRV, FAC, %VCI collapse, ESDA/SA of RV, RAV. Conclusions RV systolic dysfunction is a strong and independent predictor of in HFrEF. In case of HFrEF the longitudinal mechanism of RV reduction is more sensitive than others. GLSRV, FWS RV, 3DRVEF, %VCI collapse has been proposed as a more accurate and sensitive tool to evaluate RV function in longitudinal displacement of patients with HFrEF. Abstract Figure. Kaplan–Meier plot GLS, 3DEEFRV, FWLS Abstract Figure. ROC analysis
Представлен клинический случай успешного хирургического лечения пациента с выраженной сердечной недостаточностью III-IV функционального класса по NYHA, критическим аортальным стенозом (АС) и резко сниженной фракцией выброса левого желудочка (ФВ ЛЖ) -16%. Выполнено протезирование створок аортального клапана (АК) по методике Озаки. Послеоперационный период протекал без осложнений, пациент выписан на 11-е сут после операции. Через 6 мес. и через год после операции оценивался клинический статус и данные эхокардиографии. Отмечалось клиническое улучшение, снижение функционального класса сердечной недостаточности до I функционального класса по NYHA, а также восстановление глобальной сократимости правого (ПЖ) и левого (ЛЖ) желудочков, уменьшение выраженности гипертрофии миокарда, удовлетворительное функционирование клапана из аутоперикарда. Ключевые слова:стеноз аортального клапана, протезирование аортального клапана, перикард. Конфликт интересов:авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Прозрачность финансовой деятельности:никто из авторов не имеет финансовой заинтересованности в представленных материалах или методах. Соответствие принципам этики:информированное согласие получено от каждого пациента. Исследование одобрено этическим комитетом Федерального центра сердечно-сосудистой хирургии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.
The article presents the results of 1,5-year follow-up after surgery of critical aortic stenosis by the Ozaki technique in a patient with severe heart failure using data on global longitudinal strain.
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