The pathogenesis of traumatic spinal cord disease involves two mechanisms causing injury to its neuronal apparatus: primary (necrosis) and secondary (apoptosis). This study assesses the involvement of a number of endogenous factors in the development of apoptosis in spinal cord and peripheral nerve trunk trauma; the role of these factors thus far remains unclear.Keywords: spinal cord and peripheral nerve trunk trauma, pathogenetic mechanisms of apoptosis.

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Effects of direct long-term electric stimulation on the growth of the sciatic nerve regenerating axons through autoneurotransplants were studied in rabbits and an optimal electrostimulation method was developed.

To study immediate results of the treatment of discogenic reflex and compression pain syndromes from an angle of differential application of minimally invasive technologies. Material and Methods. Complex examination of 160 patients with degenerative disease of the lumbar spine and pain syndromes was performed. Examination included plain and functional spondylography, positive myelography, CT, and MRI. Eighty-three patients underwent minimally invasive interventions: disc puncture (by radiofrequency, laser, and cold plasma techniques) was applied in 52 patients, and open endoscopic excision of disc hernia-in 31. Results. Favorable outcomes after puncture treatment were achieved in 42 (80.8 %) patients. Disc puncture application resulted in 10-fold reduction of hospital stay. Out of 31 patients who underwent Destandau discectomy 29 (93.6 %) patients had favorable results. Standard conservative treatment was effective only in 32 (68.0 %) patients from the control group. Conclusion. Differentiated use of minimally invasive techniques and careful selection of patients for these operations allowed achieving favorable results in most patients.

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the role and potentialities of complex diagnosis in surgical treatment of peripheral nerve trunk injuries of the extremities. Complex examination including electroneuromyography, ultrasonography and contrast neurography was performed in 109 patients with injuries of peripheral nerves of the extremities. Examination results enabled to elaborate the algorithm of diagnosis and differential surgical treatment tactics for surgical treatment of peripheral nerves injuries. Management of patients in accordance with proposed algorithm allowed to improve surgical treatment results significantly - by 21%.

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the role and potentialities of complex diagnosis in surgical treatment of peripheral nerve trunk injuries of the extremities. Complex examination including electroneuromyography, ultrasonography and contrast neurography was performed in 109 patients with injuries of peripheral nerves of the extremities. Examination results enabled to elaborate the algorithm of diagnosis and differential surgical treatment tactics for surgical treatment of peripheral nerves injuries. Management of patients in accordance with proposed algorithm allowed to improve surgical treatment results significantly - by 21%.

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The diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions relies on clinical history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, and radiography. The availability of these methods may be limited, and the costs can be significant. By comparison, ultrasonography is a comfortable, sensitive and economic technology, however, until now it is not widespread in Russia. An increasing number of publications have evaluated the role of ultrasonography in peripheral nerve diseases. The authors explored the clinical applicability of high-resolution ultrasonography in the preoperative and intraoperative management of peripheral nerve lesions.