The aim of the study was to clarify the boundaries of the Central Asian natural plague focus of Kazakhstan and the modern boundaries of the areal of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) in order to improve epizootiological monitoring and increase the effectiveness of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures.Materials and methods. Data from the epizootiological monitoring of the great gerbil populations in 14 autonomous foci of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus in the Republic of Kazakhstan between 2010 and 2020 were used for the analysis. An epizootiologic survey of an area of 875350 km2 was carried out. When processing the data, epidemiological, epizootiological, statistical research methods, as well as GIS technologies were used.Results and discussion. An increase in the total area of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 79710 km2 (9.98 %) has been established for the period of 1990–2020. It is noted that the change in the area of plague-enzootic territory was a consequence of the ever changing areal of the main carrier of plague pathogen – the great gerbil – under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors. The most significant changes were found in the southeastern part of the plague-enzootic territory, including those for the Betpakdala (50 %), Balkhash (34.3 %), Taukum (13.3 %) and Mojynkum (0.32 %) autonomous foci. The area of the Aryskum-Dariyalyktakyr autonomous focus decreased by 2100 km2 (4 %). In 2000–2002, new Alakol’sky and Ili intermountain autonomous foci with a total area of 26759 km2 were discovered. It is shown that due to the regression of the Aral Sea, the areal of the great girbil expanded and the area of the North Aral and Kyzylkum natural plague foci increased by 10500 km2 (29.2 %) and 560 km2 (0.4%), respectively. The areas of the Aral-Karakum and UralEmba desert autonomous foci, on the contrary, decreased by 2000 km2 (2.6 %) and 12300 km2 (17.6 %), respectively. Passportization and landscape-epizootiologic zoning of the territory of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been completed.
цель исследования-поиск белков вакцинного штамма Yersinia pestis EV нииэг с потенциальными свойствами аллергенов. материалы и методы. проанализировано 3256 геномных белков штамма Yersinia pestis EV нииэг, взятых из базы данных GenBank. определение аллергенности белков проводилось с использованием информационных компьютерных программ. программа Allpred, интегрированная в систему Protein Structure Discovery для предсказания белков, как аллергенов, использует не только первичную последовательность аминокислот, но и их пространственную структуру, а также физико-химические свойства аминокислот. для всех найденных потенциальных аллергенов дополнительно определялась их внутриклеточная локализации с помощью программы CELLO v.2.5: subCELlular LOcalization predictor и сходство с известными аллергенами человека в программе AllergenOnline. результаты и обсуждение. компьютерный анализ 3256 белков позволил выявить 170 (5,22 %) потенциальных аллергенных белка вакцинного штамма Y. pestis EV нииэг. из них 53 (31,18 %) относятся к белкам с неизвестной функцией (hypothetical protein), а 16 (9,41 %) к мембранным белкам (membrane protein). наибольший показатель отнесения белка к аллергену составил 0,824568569477881 и отмечен у протеина EXU71465.1 (autotransporter). сходство с известными аллергенами выявлено у 12 (7,06 %) предсказанных аллергенных протеинов. из них 4 (2,35 %) протеина имеют аналоги с аллергенами растений, 5 (2,94 %)-с аллергенами представителей царства животных, 3 (1,76 %)-с аллергенами дрожжей и плесневых грибов. наиболее перспективными при создании новых гипоаллергенных вакцин и препаратов для диагностики напряженности иммунитета у вакцинированных лиц определены белки-аллергены, относящиеся к группе экстрацеллюлярных, и белки наружной мембраны. таких у вакцинного штамма Yersinia pestis EV нииэг обнаружено 38 или 22,35 %.
The susceptibility of the great gerbil to the causative agent of plague is genetically determined. However, there is not enough information on the involved genes and their effect on this feature in the literature. Although the sensitivity of gerbils to plague microbe may depend on many genes, this feature can be described using a monogenic model of inheritance with one gene. In addition to the genetic component, other modifying factors of biotic and abiotic nature may influence the sensitivity of a great gerbil to infection.The aim of the work was to evaluate the role of genetic and modifying factors in the variation of the sensitivity of the great gerbil to the causative agent of plague. For this, a one-factor analysis of variance was used. The strength of the effect of the intensity of plague epizootics on sensitivity was calculated by the method of Plokhinsky. As a result, it was found that approximately 87 ± 3.9 % of the total variation of the sensitivity sign is due to its genetic component and about 13 % to the share of other factors affecting the characteristic (modifying factors). The conclusion is made that while in studies on the sensitivity of rodents the effect on regulation of the immune response (specific for specific antigens) has not been demonstrated, it is necessary to talk about the general infectious sensitivity of rodents to infections, for example, the causative agent of plague.
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