The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the application of mixtures containing various combinations of humic substances, with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, in weed control and optimizing the plant nutrition system. We also aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on winter wheat productivity. Five Ukrainian winter wheat cultivars (‘Kryzhynka,’ ‘Smuhlyanka,’ ‘Slavna,’ ‘Kubus,’ and ‘Mulan’) were sown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in the years 2014–2019. The analysis of the effect of the compositions containing herbicides, with various physiologically active substances, in a mixture with humic preparations (Humifield, 4R Foliar concentrate) was performed by counting weeds per square meter in each experimental plot. The best performance in weed control, including perennial species, was obtained from using a mixture of Grodil Maxi herbicide with the humic preparation, Humifield. The crop treatment of this mixture resulted in a 23.6% reduction in weeds, compared to the treatment with the Grodil Maxi herbicide only. At the same time, the complex application of a number of herbicides in a mixture with the humic preparation, 4R Foliar concentrate led to the opposite effect. Various applications of mixtures of humates (4R Foliar concentrate, 5R SoilBoost) with nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate; carbamide-ammonium mixture) to optimize the winter wheat nutritional system and yield increases have been studied. The highest yield increase of 20%–22% was harvested in the plots treated with 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate plus ammonium nitrate. In addition, the efficacy of wheat crop foliar feeding with mixtures of humates, plus a carbamide-ammonia mixture, in different phases of vegetation has been established. A yield increase of 10.0%–21.4% resulting from the use of such compositions was obtained.
<p>An investigation of the effects of UV-C radiation from source having the power of 20 W on improvement of seed quality of Ukrainian winter wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) six cultivars: ‘Gratsіia Myronivska’, ‘Trudivnytsia Myronivska’, ‘Vezha Myronivska’, ‘Mudrist Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’ and ‘Lira Odeska’, has been done. In the performed experiment the UV-C irradiation in the range of 50-1000 J m<sup>-2</sup> was applied. Based on the experimental results it is concluded that irradiation of UV-C on wheat seeds stimulated the seed vigour and germination. It has been established the optimal irradiation dose of UV-C radiation - 250 J m<sup>-2</sup> for ‘Trudіvnitsia Myronіvska’, ‘Mudrіst Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’, ‘Lіra Odeska’ cultivars and 500 J m<sup>-2</sup> for ‘Hratsіia Myronіvska’ and ‘Vezha Myronіvska’ cultivars, which leads to maximum effect. The highest biometric indices of seedling structural elements were obtained from the seeds of all wheat cultivars, for which the values of seed vigour and germination were also maximum ones, i.e. at the same irradiation dose.</p>
У статті наводяться результати досліджень впливу систем основного обробітку ґрунту на продуктивність цукрових буряків за органічної та мінеральної системи їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні. Викладений деталізований аналіз особливостей формування врожаю коренеплодів та їх технологічних якостей за різних досліджуваних чинників. Встановлено, що за проведення оранки на глибину 30–32 см під цукрові буряки і плоскорізного розпушення на глибину 20–22 см під зернові культури на фоні внесення під буряки 25 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 + солома одержано найбільшу продуктивність цукрових буряків: урожайність коренеплодів та збір цукру становили 52,7 т/га та 9,28 т/га відповідно.
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of ground tillage systems on the productivity of sugar beet on the organic and mineral systems of their fertilization in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. A detailed analysis of peculiarities of the formation of crop roots and their technological qualities of various investigated factors is presented. It was established that for producing a plow on a depth of 30–32 cm under sugar beets and a flat-breasted loosening at a depth of 20–22 cm under grain crops, the maximum yield of sugar beets was obtained at the background of the application of 25 t/ha of manure + N90P120K90 + straw under the beet: the yield of root crops and the sugar harvest amounted to 52.7 t/ha and 9.28 t/ha respectively.