The article analyzes key instruments of international legal regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnostics (PGD) procedure. The authors substantiate the conclusion that the requirements and principles formulated in these instruments can be successfully used for the development and improvement of the national legal framework aimed at regulating the PGA. The main directions of such use are defined. First, it is necessary to consider the existence of genetic predisposition to a particular disease or chromosomal disorder (the medical purpose) and provide a qualified consultation of a genetic scientist concerning the mechanism and consequences of diagnostics. Secondly, the legal regulation of genetic information obtained through the PGA requires an independent normative framework: determining the framework the law-maker must be guided by the fact that any intervention in the human genome aimed at modifying it may be carried out only for preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In this regard, it is important to prohibit the PGA for social purposes (selection of embryo according to specific characteristics, establishment of compatibility between a donor and a recipient, looking beyond the prohibition to choose the embryo gender that is currently imposed under Russian legislation). Third, a separate regulatory framework is needed to resolve the problem of informing the patient about the results of examination: in addition to the right to be informed of the results of examination, it is also necessary to recognize the individual’s «right not to know,» particularly relevant to predictive genetic research.
The paper investigates the questions about social organization of work behavior in the Russian companies. Focus in research was made on desirable and obligatory behavior, work standards and determinants of different types of organizational behavior. Survey of 1423 employees presents all key industries of the Russian business, performing within the main federal districts. The results show that the domination of the mercantile and consumer attitude to work as means of achievement of material welfare is not the socio-cultural phenomenon only, but also the result of social and economic conditions in the work sphere. The examined distinction of interests, demands and standards of behavior for representatives of various professions represents one of the deepest contradictions of the development processes of working sphere in Russian society. The research found out deep deformations in the sphere of working activity of employees in the Russian companies.
On the basis of the analysis of Law of the Russian Federation on Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation as of March 14, 2020, No 1-FKZ “On improvement of regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public power,” legislation, acts and legal standings of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as the practice of transforming the Constitution of Russia, and Presidential directives, the author investigates some issues concerning the Constitutional Reform 2020 initiated by the Head of the State. The paper examines the issues of the new constitutional approach to the implementation of the principle of separation of powers, some additional powers of the President of Russia in the context of their expansion. The author argues her view concerning consideration of some legal phenomena rooted in the legal reality of Russia at the constitutional level on the example of the terms “public power” and “instructions of the President of the Russian Federation.” The author monitors the dynamics of formation and manifoldness of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation. The paper highlights some terms and definitions that are new for the constitutional level, some of which can be considered as goals in the development of public and state life. The paper formulates author’s assessments and conclusions, author’s opinion concerning the ongoing transformations of the Constitution of Russia and, at the same time, it is proposed to continue scientific discussions devoted to the implementation of the proposed constitutional novellas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.