Purpose: This study examines work engagement and its antecedents in two countries: Finland and Russia. The job demands-resources model (JD-R model) provides the background theory for the analysis. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design. The data was analysed using descriptive methods and stepwise logistic regression analysis. Findings: The overall level of work engagement was higher in Finland than in Russia. The opportunity to learn new skills at work was the strongest predictor of work engagement in both countries. The most significant difference was that once job demands and resources were taken into account, the managerial position has a strong effect on work engagement in Russia, while in Finland it has no significant effect. Practical implications: Knowledge about the antecedents of work engagement and especially the strong effect of opportunities to learn new skills on work engagement could encourage organisations to provide their employees with development opportunities throughout their careers.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine antecedents of intentions to leave among blue-collar employees in domestic Russian organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a sample of 1,210 blue-collar employees in 80 domestic organizations across 14 industries and eight regions in Russia. Findings – The analysis shows that wage satisfaction is the strongest negative predictor of Russian employees’ intentions to leave compared to core job-related and interpersonal relations satisfaction. For non-blat employees, the relationships with intentions to leave are negative and significant for all three types of satisfactions, whereas for employees with blat only the relationship between core job-related satisfaction and intentions to leave is significant. Originality/value – The present study, first, reveals that wage satisfaction is the most important but not the only way to retain blue-collar employees in Russia and, second, points toward the complex nature of blat’s influence on employees’ organizational behavior in contemporary Russian organizations. By so doing, the analysis provides a still rare empirical illustration of how relationships and variables explaining turnover intentions and its antecedents are contingent on economic, cultural and institutional contexts.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine managerial styles of Russian managers in the context of institutional and economic environment of contemporary Russia. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a sample of 482 line and middle managers covering eight geographic regions, 14 industries and 80 organizations in Russia. Findings – Employing factor and cluster analyses the paper identifies four distinct managerial styles: paternalistic, exploitative, performance oriented and passive. In addition, the paper analyzes a number of contingent characteristics of these typological Russian managers such as their age, career development, regional, industrial and organizational presence. Originality/value – The analysis enriches the understanding of managerial style idiosyncrasy, heterogeneity and evolution in Russia. The identified plurality of managerial styles, differentially related to a number of contingency variables, indicates that it pays off for western companies to avoid using stereotypical ideas when dealing with their Russian counterparts and employ conscious strategies when recruiting managers to their Russian operations instead.
This work summarizes results from three studies of the current state of higher education faculty development in Russia. Positive aspects include its support for societal change, content focus, regularity, systematic nature, governmental support, established tradition, encouragement of graduate work, career-long continuity, institutional control, and development of lecture skills. Problematic aspects currently include an over-emphasis on memorization, severe under-funding, uneven quality of faculty development programs, and lack of attention to student involvement, faculty research, and ethics. International exchange programs appear important for Russian faculty development, but language facility is a main factor limiting participation in exchanges, study abroad, and Internet usage. Recommendations are made for further research and for the policies of international non-profit organizations, government agencies, and professional faculty development organizations.Ce travail fait la synthèse des résultats de trois études sur l'état actuel de la formation continue à destination des professeurs de l'enseignement supérieur en Russie. Les éléments positifs à noter incluent le rôle de la formation continue dans les transformations sociales; le contenu des enseignements; son caractère obligatoire, régulier et systématique; le soutien gouvernemental dont elle bénéficie; son inscription dans une tradition ancienne; le soutien qu'elle apporte aux études de troisiéme cycle; le perfectionnement a long terme; le * Corresponding author. 1256 Locust Lane, Provo, UT 84604, USA. 126 D. Jarvis et al. contrôle institutionnel; et l'attention portée au développement des compétences d'un conférencier. Des aspects plus problématiques incluent: une survalorisation de la mémorisation; un manque de fonds; de fortes disparités dans la qualité des programmes de formation continue; le caractère par trop magistral des enseignements; la situation difficile de la recherche dans les établissements d'enseignement supérieur; et enfin, les problèmes d'éthique. Les programmes d'échanges internationaux semblent être essentials aux programmes de formation continue en Russie, mais la maîtrise des langues étrangères constitue le principal obstacle au développement de ce type d'échanges et à l'utilisation d'Internet. Ce travail propose enfin des pistes à explorer pour des recherches futures ainsi que pour les politiques menées en la matière par les ONG, les agences gouvernementales et les organisations professionnelles chargées de la formation continue.
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