Relying on fundamental and applied research performed at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, historical experience, and modern mathematical apparatus for systems modeling, experts offer their own view of a strategy for developing nuclear power in Russia. The basic provisions of their strategy for developing nuclear power to 2050, which were developed at the end of 2010 -beginning of 2011, are presented. Regular systems evaluations of the place and role of atomic energy in world and domestic energy future is a tradition which I. V. Kurchatov ingrained in the Institute named after him and has remained throughout its entire history. In a report at the World Energy Congress in 1968 A. P. Aleksandrov summarized the fundamental view of the role and structure of nuclear power in the future. The prospects for developing nuclear power as a whole and its individual directions including based on model studies performed with the participation of leading experts at the Institute and other organizations were periodically published in the form of experts' assessments. These assessments are reviewed in [1].The strategy for energy development in our country is subject to periodic adjustments in the course of the actual world and national economic development. This is also applies to its integral part -nuclear power.The development of a strategy for the advancement of nuclear power to 2050 began in 2007. A group of experts at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute prepared and published a draft of such a document in 2008 [1]. Subsequently, the principal indicators of the energy strategy for our country and the growth rates of energy production, including its atomic component, were substantially adjusted toward more moderate values. Because it is precisely the scale of the development of nuclear power that is the decisive factor for evaluating the resources, structure, and time tables for adopting new technologies it became necessary to adjust and refine previous studies taking account of the new realities.This article presents the basic provisions of a strategy for developing nuclear power in our country up to midcentury that a group of experts proposed to the Scientific Council of the Kurchatov Institute and that the Institute approved on September 28, 2011. The provisions rely on historic experience, fundamental and applied research conducted at the Kurchatov Institute on energy production, and modern mathematical systems-modeling apparatus. This research includes the basic provisions of the Energy Strategy of Russia to 2030 [2], which the government approved, and special federal programs for the advancement of the atomic energy-industrial complex.The energy production complex of the country now holds important positions in the world and is subject to the same evolutionary trends as world energy production, of course, taking account of the particulars of the resource base and the present status of the domestic economy.
CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA UP TO 2010 V. A. Sidorenko UDC 621.039.5The 40th anniversary of nuclear power comes during a difficult time in the life of Russia. On the one hand, the crisis limits us to short-term solutions to every day concerns. On the other hand, we must predict the trend and design tactics and a strategy for the long term in order that way out of the crisis and further development be balanced over the different sectors of the economy. Specifically, the development of the economy requires a reliable supply of energy.We cannot judge the postcrisis development from today's standpoint, when the drop in production is not stimulating the growth of energy production. The restructuring of economics, the change in property rights with a reduction of military production and increase in the production of consumer goods, the increase in the per capita consumption of electricity up to the levels of developed countries in the new economy -all this will unavoidably increase the production of electricity and the participation of different sources, including nuclear power plants, in this growth.In 1993 the total product.ion of electricity in the Russian Federation was 938.1.109 kW-h, of which nuclear power plants generated 119.2-109 kW.h, or 12.7% of the total production. It is significant that electricity generation by nuclear power plants was averaged to a much higher degree over separate regions in Russia: 47.8 % in the northwest, 23.9 % in the central region, and 16.4% in Povolzh'e. The total nuclear power capacity in Russia is 21.2 GW, the hydroelectric power capacity is 43.8 GW, and the thermal power capacity (central heat and electric power plants and state regional electric power plants) is 143.1 GW.The energ31 policy approved by the government at the end of 1992 under the new economic conditions examines ways to get out of the crisis and paths for further development of the fuel base and electric power production in Russia. Significant work was performed in 1993 by a group of experts from the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and the Ministry of Atomic Energy with participation of specialized and academic institutes on forecasting the growth of power production, including by nuclear power plants, for the period up to 2010 with some extrapolation into the next period also.The forecasts of electricity consumption up to 2010, made both by the specialized institutes and by different groups of experts and adopted by the Ministry of Economics, estimate 1350-1400 billion kW.h in 2010. This takes into account the realistically possible conservation of fuel and electricity. As an approximation, it can be assumed that electric power plants with a steam-turbine cycle must supply a production increase by about 400 billion kW.h. About 70% of the required increase in the production of electricity can be achieved by producing more gas and coal. including from new gas fields. If fossil fuel supplies only 70% of the required increase, then by 2010 about 120 billion kW.h per year must be produced b...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.