Strategic View on Nuclear Power in Russia at the Present Stage

Alekseev, P. N.; Gagarinskii, A. Yu.; Kukharkin, N. E.; Semchenkov, Yu. M.; Сидоренко, В. А.; Субботин, С. А.; Tsibul’skii, V. F.; Shimkevich, Alexander L.; Shtrombakh, Ya. I.

doi:10.1007/s10512-017-0249-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the characteristic structural features of the models of the discussed two-component NES options, estimate the uncertainties in the levelized generation costs (LGC) 1 and the NES structures caused by the uncertainty in the costs of NFC services and reactor technologies. The information base of the study consists of technical-economic data and scenario assumptions presented in the publications of experts from the NRC "Kurchatov Institute", JSC "SSC RF-IPPE", ITCP "Proryv", and JSC "NIKIET" (Ponomarev-Stepnoy 2016, Alekseev et al 2011, Alekseev et al 2012, Alekseev et al 2017, Adamov 2001, Adamov et al 2012, Adamov et al 2017, Muravyev 2014.…”

Section: Problem Statement and Initial Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, of all possible options for the national nuclear energy development, two alternatives are most actively discussed: they are denoted by the common term, i.e., two-component nuclear energy system (NES). It is assumed that such a system at different time horizons may contain in its composition both thermal and fast reactors coupled by a closed nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) (Ponomarev-Stepnoy 2016, Alekseev et al 2011, Alekseev et al 2012, Alekseev et al 2017, Adamov 2001, Adamov et al 2012, Adamov et al 2017, Muravyev 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also assumed that plutonium from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of thermal reactors will be used as fuel for fast reactors, and plutonium from SNF (including the blanket) of fast reactors can also be used to produce MOX fuel for thermal reactors. This option involves centralized SNF reprocessing and fuel production (Ponomarev-Stepnoy 2016, Alekseev et al 2011, Alekseev et al 2012, Alekseev et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization models of a two-component nuclear energy system with thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle

Андрианов¹,

Osipova

Andrianova

et al. 2019

NUCET

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The article presents a description and some illustrative results of the application of two optimization models for a two-component nuclear energy system consisting of thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle. These models correspond to two possible options of developing Russian nuclear energy system, which are discussed in the expert community: (1) thermal and fast reactors utilizing uranium and mixed oxide fuel, (2) thermal reactors utilizing uranium oxide fuel and fast reactors utilizing mixed nitride uranium-plutonium fuel. The optimization models elaborated using the IAEA MESSAGE energy planning tool make it possible not only to optimize the nuclear energy system structure according to the economic criterion, taking into account resource and infrastructural constraints, but also to be used as a basis for developing multi-objective, stochastic and robust optimization models of a two-component nuclear energy system. These models were elaborated in full compliance with the recommendations of the IAEA’s PESS and INPRO sections, regarding the specification of nuclear energy systems in MESSAGE. The study is based on publications of experts from NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, JSC “SSC RF-IPPE”, ITCP “Proryv”, JSC “NIKIET”. The presented results demonstrate the characteristic structural features of a two-component nuclear energy system for conservative assumptions in order to illustrate the capabilities of the developed optimization models. Consideration is also given to the economic feasibility of a technologically diversified nuclear energy structure providing the possibility of forming on its base a robust system in the future. It has been demonstrated that given the current uncertainties in the costs of nuclear fuel cycle services and reactor technologies, it is impossible at the moment to make a reasonable conclusion regarding the greatest attractiveness of a particular option in terms of the economic performance.

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Section: Problem Statement and Initial Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization models of a two-component nuclear energy system with thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle

Андрианов¹,

Osipova

Andrianova

et al. 2019

NUCET

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“…The two-component NES at various stages of its development may include thermal reactors (VVER type) with uranium oxide fuel, thermal reactors with partial or full loading of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide (MOX) fuel, and sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR) with MOX fuel (Fig. 1) [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scenario study on the transition to a closed nuclear fuel cycle using the nuclear energy system modelling application package (NESAPP)

Андрианов

Andrianova

Svetlichny

et al. 2022

EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol.

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The paper presents the results of a case study on evaluating performance and sustainability metrics for Russian nuclear energy deployment scenarios with thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle. Ten possible scenarios are considered which differ in the shares of thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors, including options involving the use of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel in thermal reactors. The evolution of the following performance and sustainability metrics is estimated for the period from 2020 to 2100 based on the considered assumptions: annual and cumulative uranium consumption, needs for uranium enrichment capacities, fuel fabrication and reprocessing capacities, spent fuel stocks, radioactive wastes, amounts of plutonium in the nuclear fuel cycle, amounts of accumulated depleted uranium, and the levelised electricity generation cost. The results show that the sustainability of the Russian nuclear energy system can be significantly enhanced through the intensive deployment of sodium-cooled fast reactors and the transition to a closed nuclear fuel cycle. The authors have highlighted some issues for further considerations, which will lead to more rigorous conclusions regarding the preferred options for the development of the national nuclear energy system.

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“…In the Russian Federation, deployment of a two-component NES based on combined operation of thermal water-cooled water-moderated reactors and sodium-cooled fast reactors is looked upon as one of the possible ways to address the nuclear power challenges. There has been an extensive discussion of potential configurations for such a NES which may include, at different evolution stages, thermal reactors with uranium oxide fuel, thermal reactors with a partial or complete load of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel (MOX), and sodium-cooled fast reactors with MOX fuel (Alekseev et al 2011, 2016, 2017, Gulevich et al 2018. All reactors in the system can be interlinked through a single closed NFC in which the products from reprocessing of SNF from one reactors are used to produce new fuel for the other reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criteria evaluation and ranking of potential scenarios for the development of Russian two-component nuclear energy system with thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors

Usanov¹,

Kvyatkovskiy²,

Андрианов³

2021

NUCET

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The paper presents the results from a multi-criteria comparative evaluation of potential deployment scenarios for Russian nuclear power with thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle (the so-called two-component nuclear energy system). The comparison and the ranking were performed taking into account the recommendations and using the IAEA/INPRO software tools for comparative evaluation of nuclear energy systems, including tools for sensitivity/uncertainty analysis with respect to weighting factors. Ten potential Russian nuclear power deployment scenarios with different shares of thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors were considered, including options involving the use of MOX fuel in VVER reactors. Eight key indicators were used, estimated as of 2100 and structured into a three-level objectives tree. The comparative evaluation and the ranking were carried out based on the multi-attribute value theory. The model for assessing the key indicators was developed using the IAEA/INPRO MESSAGE-NES energy system planning software tool. The information base for the study was formed by publications of experts from JSC SSC RF-IPPE, NRC Kurchatov Institute and NRNU MEPhI. The presented results show that it is possible to enhance significantly the sustainability of the Russian nuclear energy system, when considering multiple performance indicators, through the intensive deployment of sodium-cooled fast reactors and the transition to a closed nuclear fuel cycle. Tasks have been outlined for the follow-up studies to make it possible to obtain more rigorous conclusions regarding the preferred options for the evolution of a two-component nuclear energy system.

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Strategic View on Nuclear Power in Russia at the Present Stage

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Optimization models of a two-component nuclear energy system with thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle

Optimization models of a two-component nuclear energy system with thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle

A scenario study on the transition to a closed nuclear fuel cycle using the nuclear energy system modelling application package (NESAPP)

Multi-criteria evaluation and ranking of potential scenarios for the development of Russian two-component nuclear energy system with thermal and sodium-cooled fast reactors

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