Some favorable physical properties and the modes of soil are the basis and a necessary condition for realization of potential soil fertility for receiving high harvest of crops. Therefore, creation and maintenance of optimal composing of the arable soil layer by means of different cultivation systems is an up-to-date objective of modern intensive agriculture.
Introduction. To solve the problem of accelerating the construction of roads, improving their quality, it is advisable to use a continuous action unit to form a underlying layer. In general, energy costs for the construction of roads are a significant share occupied by work aimed at cutting and transporting the ground. The working bodies of existing technical means carry out mainly energy-intensive cutting of the ground, which theoretically can be likened to cutting a punch. The energy costs of ground cutting can be significantly reduced by the use of blade cutting. In the bucket of the continuous action unit to form a underlying layer of roads provides the use of working bodies, cutting the ground with blades of knives. The process of filling the bucket with cut soil, the forces attached to the bucket, and the total amount of energy spent on cutting the ground with the buckets of the continuous action unit to form the underlying layer are considered. The method of research. The method of constructions to detect the kinematics of filling the bucket with the cut ground is given. The method of calculation is given: the path of the ground on the bottom of the bucket case when it is filled; the resulting force of force projections in the longitudinal-vertical, cross-vertical and horizontal plane attached to the bucket; moments attached to the bucket in a longitudinal-vertical and horizontal plane, when the bucket is empty and full. The formulas for calculating the total energy on the movement of the bucket when cutting the ground without taking into account the energy costs of the cutting process and determining the total energy costs of cutting the ground by one cubic meter of continuous action buckets to form the underlying layer of roads are given. Results. On the basis of the developed method, the conditional path of the ground along the bottom of the bucket case was calculated, the resulting forces of force projections in the longitudinal-vertical, cross-vertical and horizontal plane attached to the bucket were revealed. The moments attached to the bucket in the longitudinal-vertical and horizontal plane, when the bucket is empty and full, have been determined. The total energy for moving the bucket during ground cutting is calculated without taking into account the energy costs of the cutting process. The total energy costs of cutting the ground by one cubic meter of continuous action buckets to form the underlying layer of roads have been determined. Conclusion. During the filling of the bucket of the unit of continuous action to form the underlying layer of roads cut off soil is twisted and shift of the cut-off layer, which contribute to its destruction into fragments. In a cross-vertical plane, the bucket is balanced. The moment attached to the bucket in the longitudinal-vertical plane is balanced by elements of the structure of the unit. The total energy on moving the bucket when cutting the ground, without taking into account the energy costs of the cutting process, includes energy costs: to accelerate the ground with a bucket, to overcome the friction of the bottom plane of the bucket on the ground, to the additional horizontal force to move the bucket, caused by friction in the elements of the structure. It is u_k≈13 kJ/m3. Theoretically reasonable total energy costs for ground cutting of one cubic meter by the buckets of the continuous action unit to form the underlying layer of roads〖u 〗 (k-gr) ≈109 kJ/m.
Introduction. To solve the problem of accelerating the construction of roads, improving their quality, it is advisable to use a continuous action unit to form a underlying layer. The main working bodies of this unit are buckets, which cut off the soil layer from below and on the side. At the same time, the bottom knife cuts off the ground layer from below, the right knife on the side, and the console knife partially cuts the top layer of soil from below for the next bucket. In particular, the analysis of interaction with the soil of the right knife of the continuous action unit is of theoretical and practical interest. To do this, the right knife is divided into elements and analyzed the interaction of these elements with the ground. The consistent impact on the soil of many right knives, within the width of the grip of the unit, is replaced by the impact on the ground of one conventional right knife at a distance necessary for the development of one cubic meter of soil. The forces of interaction of the conventional right knife with the ground are called conditional forces.The method of research. The method for calculating the energy costs during punching the right knife into the ground is shown: on separating the formation of the ground from its body, on overcoming the ground friction on the edge of the blade, on overcoming the ground pressure on the edge of the blade, on accelerating the ground of the blade by means of the axle, on overcoming the ground friction on the shelf, to overcome the ground friction against the outside surface.The total energy costs of interacting with a soil of one cubic meter are derived from the addition of private energy costs. The method of calculating the horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the right knife is given.Results. On the basis of the methodology developed, energy costs are calculated when introducing the right knife into the ground: on separating the soil from its body, on overcoming the friction of the ground on the edge of the blade, on overcoming the pressure of the ground on the face of the blade, on the acceleration of the ground with a fascia blade, on overcoming the ground friction on the face. The total energy costs of the right knife interact with the soil of one cubic meter. The horizontal long-lived force needed to move the right knife has been determined.Conclusion. As a result of the calculations: the energy needed to cut the ground with the right knives, more than 71 J/cube. The horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the right knife is 730 N. To determine the total energy spent on cutting the ground by buckets of the unit to remove the top layer of soil from the underlying layer of the road, it is necessary to analyze the interaction with the soil of other elements of the bucket.
Introduction. Rotary rippers are needed for cyclical cutting of the ground when the underlying layer and slopes of the roads are formed. Therefore, the general purpose of the research is the theoretical justification of the design and mode of rotary ripper’s parameters. Using the synthesis method, researches get only indicative results. In order to calculate the parameters of ground cutting, it is necessary to analyze the interaction of working bodies with the ground.Materials and methods. Based on the planned ways to reduce the cost of energy for cyclical cutting of the ground, the author developed the calculation method of the working body: the force of cutting the ground with the toe of the working body; the force necessary for the primary shift of the ground by the front surface of the working body; the total force of ground displacement by an active working body; the friction of the side surfaces of the working body on the ground during the rotation.Results. The author calculated the specific values in the process of rotation by using the developed method of determining the parameters of the cyclic ground cutting and basing on the accepted data. Moreover, the author constructed and approximated the graphs’ dependencies of ground cutting parameters of the rotor angle. In particular, there were dependencies: the force required to shift the ground by an active working body, the mass of the displaced ground, the acceleration of the displaced ground, the force needed to accelerate the displaced soil, the force of the ground’s impact on the side surface of the displaced ground wedge, the friction force displaced by the active working body of the ground wedge on the array of soil, the total force of the displacement of the ground by the active working body from the angle of the rotor when moving the unit at various transmissions II range of tractor HTP-17221.Discussion and conclusions. The method of calculating the forces of the ground cutting and calculating their specific values helps to determine the required rotational moment and power of the rotor drive.The author has read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the author has no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
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