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BACKGROUND: In the process of tillage, flat knives of rotary cultivators must carry out the process of cutting soil and weeds with minimal energy consumption and not become clogged with weeds, which is due to the compliance of the parameters of their blades with operating conditions. However, despite the abundance of works devoted to the study of the working process of flat knives of rotary cultivators, there is no methodology that allows for a comparative assessment of the various shapes of their blades. AIMS: Development of a methodology for comparing different blade shapes of flat knives of rotary cultivators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research design included studying the following issues: clarifying the conditions for weeds to fall off the curved blade of a flat knife performing a plane-parallel movement; determining the equation of the curve of a knife blade that satisfies the condition of weeds falling off the blade; development of methods for comparative analysis of the energy intensity of the process of cutting soil with flat knives with blades of various shapes; experimental verification of theoretical positions. The objects of the study were the processes of interaction of weeds and soil with the blades of flat knives of various shapes. The studies were conducted during 2022 and 2023. RESULTS: The condition for weeds to come off the curved blade of a flat knife performing a plane-parallel movement has been clarified, based on which an equation for the rational curve of the blade has been obtained. A comprehensive methodology has been developed for comparing different shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators, according to the criteria of compliance with the condition of weeds coming off the blade and the energy intensity of soil cutting. Examples of the application of the technique for the analysis of various shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators and the creation of one of the effective forms, as well as the results of experimental studies are given. Examples of the application of the technique for the analysis of various shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators and the creation of one of the effective forms, as well as the results of experimental studies are given. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methodology allows us to give specific practical recommendations on the advisability of using knives of one form or another in the operating conditions under consideration, taking into account the operating parameters of the machines, as well as to create effective combined blades, as well as the results of experimental studies are given.
BACKGROUND: In the process of tillage, flat knives of rotary cultivators must carry out the process of cutting soil and weeds with minimal energy consumption and not become clogged with weeds, which is due to the compliance of the parameters of their blades with operating conditions. However, despite the abundance of works devoted to the study of the working process of flat knives of rotary cultivators, there is no methodology that allows for a comparative assessment of the various shapes of their blades. AIMS: Development of a methodology for comparing different blade shapes of flat knives of rotary cultivators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research design included studying the following issues: clarifying the conditions for weeds to fall off the curved blade of a flat knife performing a plane-parallel movement; determining the equation of the curve of a knife blade that satisfies the condition of weeds falling off the blade; development of methods for comparative analysis of the energy intensity of the process of cutting soil with flat knives with blades of various shapes; experimental verification of theoretical positions. The objects of the study were the processes of interaction of weeds and soil with the blades of flat knives of various shapes. The studies were conducted during 2022 and 2023. RESULTS: The condition for weeds to come off the curved blade of a flat knife performing a plane-parallel movement has been clarified, based on which an equation for the rational curve of the blade has been obtained. A comprehensive methodology has been developed for comparing different shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators, according to the criteria of compliance with the condition of weeds coming off the blade and the energy intensity of soil cutting. Examples of the application of the technique for the analysis of various shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators and the creation of one of the effective forms, as well as the results of experimental studies are given. Examples of the application of the technique for the analysis of various shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators and the creation of one of the effective forms, as well as the results of experimental studies are given. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methodology allows us to give specific practical recommendations on the advisability of using knives of one form or another in the operating conditions under consideration, taking into account the operating parameters of the machines, as well as to create effective combined blades, as well as the results of experimental studies are given.
Introduction. For the durable road at the minimum necessary cost of its construction the topsoil should be removed without affecting the ground. The problem of cheaper road construction without reducing the quality can be solved by creating an aggregate for the sublayer’s formation. The aggregate removes the topsoil from half of the road sublayer and one of the ditch. The buckets of the moving aggregate cut off the soil layer from below and from one side. Therefore, each bucket is mounted by the bottom blade, the right blade and the console blade, partially cutting the topsoil from below for the passage of the next bucket. The blade of the lower knife with the 10 degrees’ angle to the plank of the bucket; the blade of the right knife and the blade of the console knife – with the 45 degrees’ angle towards the direction of the bucket moving.Materials and methods. To determine the speed of chains and the size of the soil layer the author carried out the bucket kinematics’ analysis and considered mathematical transformations. For checking the received parameters, the paper demonstrated the turn of the bucket on the leading 90 degrees’ lower drive. The author revealed the scheme of forces acting on the ground, located in the bucket, when it turned on the leading lower drive. Based on the system’s transformations of two equations and the inequality, the research established the inadmissibility of the bucket’s phasing out when it turned on the leading lower drive.Results. As a result, by using the developed method of determining parameters, based on the accepted raw data, the author calculated the speed of the chains, to which the buckets were attached, and the width of the soil, cut off by the bucket. After substitution of the received parameters in the inequality the author established that the ground would not fall out of the bucket by turning under such parameters of the bucket and of the leading lower drive.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the author obtains the geometric parameters from the structural layout of the aggregate for removing the topsoil from the road sublayer. Based on the analysis of the kinematics of the interaction of the bucket with the ground, the paper reveals the speed of the chains, to which the buckets are attached and the width of the soil layer cut off by the bucket. Analysis of the forces acting on the ground and locating in the bucket at the moment of the bucket turn on the leading lower drive shows the rationality of the accepted and calculated parameters. The author determines the energy costs of cutting the ground with the buckets of the aggregate for removing the topsoil from the road sublayer.Financial transparency: the author has no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
Introduction. The article is devoted to the results of a study of the cutting resistance of road asphalt concrete in the process of removing worn coatings by the working bodies of milling machines. The relevance of the work is due to the emergence of new grades of asphalt concrete and new types of cutting elements, for which it is difficult to predict the loads on the working body when solving the problems of designing new and justifying the operating modes of existing machines.Purpose. To calculate the parameters of the working body of the road milling machine.Materials and methods. The experimental work was carried out by determining the horizontal and vertical components of the resistance force of cutting asphalt concrete. The research was carried out on a mechanical stand with a movable plate, using recording equipment. Four different grades of asphalt concrete were destroyed. A twofactor experiment was conducted for each brand of material. The horizontal and vertical components of the cutting resistance forces were determined depending on the chip cross-sectional area, the grade of asphalt concrete and the type of cutting element.Results. As a result of the experiment, data were obtained that make it possible to reasonably determine the loads on the working body of the road milling machine. It is proved that the dependence of the cutting resistance forces on the chip cross-sectional area of the cutting element has a nonlinear character. The data obtained allow to comprehensively answer questions concerning the justification of the parameters of road milling machines.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained data allow to develop a mathematical model of the asphalt concrete milling process which will make possible to determine not only the loads on the working body and the energy intensity of the process, but also to reasonably approach the placement of cutting elements on the drum, determine the rational range of equipment operating modes and solve the problems of choosing operating modes depending on the type of asphalt concrete.
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