The analysis of trends in the development of the automotive industry and well-known methods of automating vehicle control served the basis for us to propose an approach to organizing the transfer of vehicle control from an automated driving system to a person. The approach involves monitoring the vehicle performance and the systems that provide automated driving, the state of the environment and the driver's psychophysiological state, as well as road conditions on the upcoming path, predicting the place and time of transition of control to the driver, determining and regulating his/her readiness to take control if necessary. This approach is peculiar for in time of automated driving, the minimum level of the driver's readiness to operate the vehicle is constantly maintained, which is brought to optimal within a certain time before the scheduled transition to manual control. This two-level monitoring of the condition of drivers of highly automated vehicles will improve road safety both in cases of predicted and unexpected need for an emergency transition from automated to manual driving. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for improving road safety with highly automated vehicles involved.
Аннотация. Предложена концептуальная модель системы «водитель-автомобиль-дорога-среда», впервые использующая положения теории функциональных систем и представление водителя в виде функциональной системы, содержащей три уровня: стратегический, тактический и физический. Информационные взаимодействия на тактическом уровне водителя рассматриваются как взаимодействия мультимодальных образов элементов системы «водитель-автомобиль-дорога-среда», представленных в виде векторов состояний этих элементов. Рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на эффективность функционирования тактического уровня водителя в отношении обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения. Показана значимость функции внимания и связанных с ней особенностей кроссмодальных взаимодействий в центральной нервной системе человека и информационных потоках в бортовых системах для безопасного управления транспортным средством. Показано, что создание эффективных человеко-машинных интерфейсов представляется наиболее перспективным подходом к повышению безопасности дорожного движения, поскольку позволяет глубже, более адекватно и разносторонне интегрировать функции водителя и транспортного средства в единую систему с общей целевой функцией. Ключевые слова: безопасность, водитель, система «человек-машина», дорожно-транспортная ситуация, кроссмодальные взаимодействия, информационные потоки Для цитирования. Дубовский, В. А. Концептуальная модель системы «водитель-автомобиль-дорога-среда» /
Aim. Today, the development and operation of weapons and military equipment is characterized by fast-growing customer requirements, which, in turn, leads to their increased technical complexity and cost. It is obvious that maintaining the required physical and operational characteristics of high-technology weapons and military equipment by the users is not always possible due to a number of reasons, including insufficient capabilities of the service units that do not have the required personnel, assets and competences. In turn, the manufacturers involved in the delivery of the government defence order are also interested in shaping long-term relations with the customer allowing to build a platform for sound progress. One of the possible solutions for such interaction between the customer and the contractor used worldwide and in Russia is public-private partnership in the form of life cycle contracts. Despite the obvious advantages, its introduction into the practice of weapons and military equipment life cycle is hampered by a number of adverse factors (insufficiencies in the regulatory framework and technical standards, poor level of information technology deployment in LC management) that need to be overcome in terms of both scientific and practical considerations. It is perfectly clear that developing a tool that would allow mitigating a full spectrum of problems as part of this study would be an extremely challenging task. Given the above, the paper aims to examine risks as one of the aspects of this complex problem that implies the development of a new approach to the interaction of the parties involved in a life cycle contract for weapons and military equipment, taking into account the current conditions, interests, goals and objectives. It involves comprehensive analysis of uncertainty and the whole spectrum of possible risks associated with the weapons and military equipment life cycle processes. Methods. The managerial decision-making is based on the decision tree method that allows dividing the complex decision-making problem into component tasks and obtaining quantitative risk estimates, thus developing an adequate system of measures for the prevention of event risks and reduction of their negative consequences. Results. Based on the proposed methodological framework, a risk management algorithm has been developed, a matrix has been defined for assessing risks and their impact on the temporal and technical characteristics, as well as the costs of a project. Conclusion. The suggested approach is universally applicable and can be used by both the officials of military authorities in the process of scientific support of LCC implementation, and by the management of defense contractors as they develop their interaction with the military authorities responsible for the creation and operation of weapons and military equipment.
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