This paper analyzes innovative technologies in the field of functional nutrition. The authors of the study have built a patent landscape that makes it possible to identify the dynamics of technology development, determine the interest of companies in technology, explore the possibility of new companies entering the market and assess the poten- tial for patenting. The focus of the study is the development of scientists in the field of practical application of the bio- logically active and medicinal properties of mushrooms, which make it possible to compensate for the deficiency of macronutrients in the human body. The study made it possible to assess the interest of market players in this area, to identify preferred patent offices, to study key players in the international market, to identify patenting areas and tech- nology segments. This study acts as a basis for studying the technological area, covering key developments.
The preservation of the environment is one of the highest priorities of the world community. An important role played by «green» technical solutions that combine functionality and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Today, such technical solutions are becoming the subject of active patenting by the world's leading companies and individual authors. This work is devoted to the analysis of «green» patent activity of the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the context of its impact on sustainable development. The authors of the study analyze the form and content of «green» intellectual property (Green IP), as well as their relation-ship with the directions described in the Concept of Sustainable Development. The study presents the indicators of changes in the number of «green» patents calculated by the authors over the course of nineteen years, determines the share of «green» patents in OECD member states, and correlates the obtained values with the Progress Index for Sus-tainable Development Goals. The key areas of patent activity of applicants in this industry identified and proposals made to increase the innovative activity of economic entities.
Aim. Today, the development and operation of weapons and military equipment is characterized by fast-growing customer requirements, which, in turn, leads to their increased technical complexity and cost. It is obvious that maintaining the required physical and operational characteristics of high-technology weapons and military equipment by the users is not always possible due to a number of reasons, including insufficient capabilities of the service units that do not have the required personnel, assets and competences. In turn, the manufacturers involved in the delivery of the government defence order are also interested in shaping long-term relations with the customer allowing to build a platform for sound progress. One of the possible solutions for such interaction between the customer and the contractor used worldwide and in Russia is public-private partnership in the form of life cycle contracts. Despite the obvious advantages, its introduction into the practice of weapons and military equipment life cycle is hampered by a number of adverse factors (insufficiencies in the regulatory framework and technical standards, poor level of information technology deployment in LC management) that need to be overcome in terms of both scientific and practical considerations. It is perfectly clear that developing a tool that would allow mitigating a full spectrum of problems as part of this study would be an extremely challenging task. Given the above, the paper aims to examine risks as one of the aspects of this complex problem that implies the development of a new approach to the interaction of the parties involved in a life cycle contract for weapons and military equipment, taking into account the current conditions, interests, goals and objectives. It involves comprehensive analysis of uncertainty and the whole spectrum of possible risks associated with the weapons and military equipment life cycle processes. Methods. The managerial decision-making is based on the decision tree method that allows dividing the complex decision-making problem into component tasks and obtaining quantitative risk estimates, thus developing an adequate system of measures for the prevention of event risks and reduction of their negative consequences. Results. Based on the proposed methodological framework, a risk management algorithm has been developed, a matrix has been defined for assessing risks and their impact on the temporal and technical characteristics, as well as the costs of a project. Conclusion. The suggested approach is universally applicable and can be used by both the officials of military authorities in the process of scientific support of LCC implementation, and by the management of defense contractors as they develop their interaction with the military authorities responsible for the creation and operation of weapons and military equipment.
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