Detailed complex investigations of the spectral and physical characteristics for cubic Bi,G%0,-Nd3+ crystals were made. An analysis of absorption, luminasoence, and stimulated emission spectra for ,F3/2 + 4111/2 and 4F3/2 -r 4113/2 transitions were carried out. The luminescence lifetime of the metastable state, inter-multiplet and "Stark" luminescence branching coefficients, luminescence quantum efficiency, luminescence line width, spontaneous transition probabilities and stimulated-emission transition cross-sections were determined. The temperature dependence of the stimulated-emission (4F3/2 + 4111/2) excitation threshold was investigated and interpreted. Preliminary conclusions on the activator centre structure of Nd3+ ions in Bi,Ge,O,, were made, and informations on the extent of the vibronic spectra of Bi4Gg0,, crystals were obtained. xapaKTepmTm K Y~H~~C K O~O KptlcTanna Bi,Ge,O,,-Nd3+. IIpoBenea a~a n~3 cnew 9emH ~n 5 i ABYX nepexoAoB 4F3/2 -*I11/2 II 4F3/2 +4113/2. B pa6ol.e 6b1nl1 OnpeAeneHbI: npOBeAeHbI AeTaJIbHbIe KOMIIJIeKCHbIe HCCJIeAOBaHH5i CIIeKTpanbHO-rpH3HseCKIlX
The article presents an approach to centralised collection, recycling and removal of waste pickling and galvanic solutions and sludge designed for small steel making plants and workshops having the described processes and using flow-through filter blocks.
The paper provides a description of the developed experimental plant for studying hydrodynamic and heat and mass exchange processes in packing devices of all kinds of configuration, examples of the obtained data and original classification methods for processing experimental data. The authors describe hydrodynamic characteristics allowing carrying out classification studies and obtaining the necessary data to complete the developed methods for calculating mass exchange devices: the retaining capacity of packing devices at liquid and gas phases in particular. The authors provide the criteria function X=f(Rem) which gives a direction for industrial application of packing contact devises. The function is based on the analysis and generalization of the experimental data obtained in express studies of single-phase filtration curves. The paper also covers an example of the experimental data of the response function in case of recognizing flow structures of contact phases which allow obtaining necessary data to complete the developed diffusion models of mass exchange processes and implement calculations of mass exchange packing with a high precision.
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