“…Cooling towers are widely used for cooling circulating water in thermal power plants, as well as in petroleum refineries, chemical, and petrochemical plants [1,2]. Mechanical-draft cooling towers have a wide distribution by virtue of their energy efficiency, accessibility, and upgradability [3][4][5]. The cooling efficiency of these towers is highly sensitive to design and operating parameters (water temperature, gas and liquid flow rate, type of filler, and others) [6][7][8].…”