Introduction: COVID-19 disease can lead to serious complications of the ENT organs. Among them are the developments of aseptic thrombosis of the arteries of the ENT organs and face, as well as auditory dysfunction. Purpose: to investigate changes in auditory function and blood supply to the ENT organs of patients which underwent coronavirus COVID-19. Materials and methods: examination and treatment of patients with complications of coronavirus infection: facial soft tissue thrombosis (2) and auditory dysfunction (38). The results obtained: Coronavirus infection in two patients resulted in thrombosis of the soft branches of the internal and external carotid arteries with the development of necrosis of the mucous membrane of the lateral wall of the nose, nasal sinuses, septum and palate, which required surgical treatment. Acute sensorineural hearing loss with an increase in thresholds of sound perception to 40 dB was observed in 23 (60.5%) patients, and most of them (19 people) suffered from severe coronavirus infection and received comprehensive treatment (hormones, anticoagulants, etc.). Hearing loss with an increase in the threshold of sound perception to 40-60 dB was determined in 15 (39.5%) patients, of whom only 5 underwent severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Patients who have undergone a coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus may develop otolaryngological complications in the form of auditory dysfunction or arterial thrombosis. More severe bilateral damage to the auditory analyzer occurs in patients who underwent mild COVID-19 and did not receive anti-inflammatory therapy. The use of glucocorticoids and anticoagulants for the treatment of coronavirus infection on time prevents the development of complications from the auditory analyzer and blood coagulation system.
A large number of applied and theoretical questions of various sciences are solved with the help of mathematics. Mathematical methods are used in the biological sciences, in particular in medicine. They can describe both quantity and quality, ie function. The aim of the work is to consider the possibility of presenting the relationship between the associates of the oral habitat using mathematical analysis. The materials were the following: the studies of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Department of Microbiology and Virology with Immunology UMSA, sources of literature related to the study of microflora. Such methods as bibliosemantic analysis, mathematical methods, online calculator were used. Based on the results of the study of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity in young people with different values of the CPV index, graphs were obtained. The curves that reflect the changes in the number of representatives of the oral microbiocenosis at different values of the CPV index coincide with the growth fragments of biological objects (Pearl curve). The study of antagonistic activity (AA) of the oral habitat concerned several microorganisms with different growth phases. To calculate the relationship between microbial relationships, representatives of the normoflora were selected: corynebacteria, Str. mutans as well as fungi of the genus Candida. These microorganisms belong to different groups of effects on the human body. Corynebacteria form vitamin K - the growth factor of many bacteria. They are able to reduce the redox potential, thus creating conditions for the growth of anaerobes. But under certain conditions, these microorganisms can cause meningitis, brain abscesses, peritonitis, endocarditis, infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin lesions, sepsis and others. Str. mutans, which belongs to Str. γ-haemolyticus, is an antagonist of putrefactive bacteria and also produces substances that inhibit the increase in other streptococci and actinomycetes. Under certain conditions, it becomes cariogenic. Yeast-like fungi Candida synthesize vitamins needed to increase lactobacilli. They are also an etiological factor of candidiasis of the oral mucosa. The calculation was performed according to the formula adapted by us on the online calculator. According to calculations, AA corynebacteria decreases with increasing CPV, ie their activity is suppressed. A completely different situation concerns Str. γ-haemolyticus, AA which increases with increasing CPV. That is, with increasing caries intensity, this type of microorganism begins to dominate some members of the oral microbiota. For fungi of the genus Candida, the error at CPV ≤ 6 is due to the fact that at CPV = 0 they are absent in the biocenosis. Further, with increasing CPV, Candida activity also increases. It is much more pronounced than AA Str. γ-haemolyticus. This fact indicates favorable conditions for this and the suppression of yeast-like fungi of other associates microbiota. Conclusions. Mathematical methods can be used in medicine to characterize the relationship between the biotope of the human oral cavity. Symbiotic relationships within the oral biocenosis can manifest themselves in the form of antagonism. Antagonistic activity between oral habitats can be characterized by an indicator. This technique can be used to study the function of the microbiome of the oral cavity. The calculation indicates that not one associate of the microbiocenosis, but rather several representatives are to prone for the increase in the intensity of caries. We propose to use the calculation of AA in the treatment of caries by means of influencing the oral microbiocenosis. Also, calculated AA data may have prognostic value.
The paper is devoted to the problems of diagnosis of septic and aseptic forms of central venous thrombosis. The aim of the study was to study the clinical manifestation and lesions of the ear, nose and throat, in patients with aseptic central venous thrombosis in order to increase the efficiency of differential diagnosis of various forms of thrombosis and to determine the tactics of further treatment of patients with this disease. Variants of manifestation of lesions of Lesions of the ear, nose and throat were studied in 14 patients with aseptic central venous thrombosis who were hospitalized for the period from 2016 to 2019, the results of their ophthalmological and neurological examination, as well as laboratory studies are given. It was found that among patients with cerebral venous thrombosis in most cases (82.4%) various changes in otolaryngological status were detected, of which 21.4% of cases – with septic lesions of the ENT organs, 78.6% of cases – with aseptic changes. During the examination, the character of these pathological changes in otolaryngology status in non-purulent lesions of the ENT organs (swelling of the soft tissues of the face, sinus mucosa or their necrosis, dysfunction of the pharyngeal muscular system, neurosensory deafness) were formulated, which could be explained by secondary ischemic tissue changes and impaired venous outflow of the soft tissues of the face. Also, the absence of a primary purulent focus of infection and septic changes in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of CVT, confirmed the aseptic (primary) form of the disease. Patients with aseptic CVT are assigned direct anticoagulant therapy and symptomatic therapy depending on the presence of cerebral and focal neurological symptoms, which is radically different from the therapeutic tactics used by patients with septic CVT. Thus, when conducting a differential diagnosis of different forms of CVT, for the choice of therapeutic strategy, in addition to the standard algorithm of examination of the patient should take into account the nature of changes in otolaryngological status.
The article provides a form of performing a fragment of scientific work by interns, which motivates a young doctor to study modern methods of diagnosis and treatment in various sections of otolaryngology. It provides for the study of an important modern issue in the specialty, attending online conferences on the selected topic and a thorough study of international literature over the past 3 years. Control over the implementation is carried out by all employees of the department through a presentation of the scientific work and defense of these by an intern doctor.
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