Smuggling has been proven to be a global threat to the economic security of each country. The authors have assessed the macroeconomic impact of smuggling on the current scale: GDP and work places. They discovered that the mechanism of administrative and legal prevention and counteraction to violations of customs rules, which is realized through the institution of administrative responsibility, appears to be independently-individual, along with other means of its legal protection. Herewith, it is worth to mention that administrative responsibility for violation of customs rules is the responsibility of a special authorized official or citizen, a regulated by the customs law norms, which resides in the awareness of guilt, illegality of actions in the area of customs legal order and, in case of sufficient grounds, ability to bear responsibility in the form of an administrative penalty, which is imposed by the customs authority or court. This shows that the object of administrative and legal prevention and counteraction to violation of the customs rules is specific and individualized. It sits in the area of social and economic relations. Administrative responsibility is an efficient means of offence prevention, including the ones, aimed at violation of the customs rules. It focuses on the prevention of any illegal behaviour. The measures of administrative prevention of the customs rules violation are characterized as the actions, applied by customs authorities, based on the provisions defined by customs legislation under the absence of customs law violations for their prevention and detection as well. They are one of the components of a complex mechanism used by the customs authorities to combat violation of the customs rules. They precede greater legal restrictions on the material and personal sphere of the offender's personality, measures of administrative termination and responsibility.
The relevance of this article is due to the constitutional obligation of the state to provide the population with a high level of education. The purpose of the article is to carry out scientific research on the issue of educational digitization in developed countries of the world and to develop a program of educational digitization in Ukraine. The leading research methods are general scientific and specific research methods, including methods of logic, analysis, comparison and more. The results of this study are to outline the real need of modern society in the digitization of education, to determine the legal and organizational basis of such processes in the country, to develop an effective, step-by-step program for the digitization of education in Ukraine. The significance of the obtained results is reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis for outlining future changes to the current legislation of Ukraine on the issues of the digitization of education and reformatting the work of the relevant state bodies in the educational sphere.
Sport has always served to establish peace, to help different peoples of the world to study each other’s culture, to create conditions for the humane resolution of conflicts, to be an opportunity to express their talents. Therefore, he never fell out of sight of society. In this work, the authors present the formation and development of sports in Ukraine and abroad. The main features of the primitive community were identified. It is determined that the invention of the chariot for the physical culture of the states: Babylon, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient India, China, Persia became the starting point for the further development of sports in this region. It has been found that ancient Greece made a significant contribution to the development of sports. After all, it was the basis of the main principles of modern professional sport. Attention is drawn to the Olympic Games that took place in Ancient Greece: their appearance, conditions, prohibition, and revival Pierre de Coubertin. Further new competitions (Paralympic Games, Olympic Games, etc.) were added to them. It is revealed that international organizations and institutions have been set up to control such competitions. The authors found that religion had a great influence on the formation of physical culture during the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance. Trends in the development of modern sport and the factors that influence it was found out. As a result, it was concluded that sports are currently in the process of transformation. Therefore, the authors indicate what has the greatest influence on the formation and continued existence of sports. The main stages of the formation of physical culture in Ukraine were analyzed. It is also established that Ukraine has built a domestic sport in accordance with world experience in this field. Keywords: sports, physical culture, Olympics, doping, consolidating function.
In this article a concept of “legal status” is analyzed. Authors suggested their own concept of a legal status as a complex category with a clearly defined structure. The categories, elements and peculiarities of a legal status are listed. Distinguishing features of a legal status for its area of activity, extent of rights and obligations and, finally, for a sense of a norm of law. The constructions of administrative and legal status of a state body are defined. The authors determined peculiarities of administrative and legal status of revenues and collection authorities. A concept “operational unit” is analyzed and a list of SFS operational units is compiled. A short analysis of tasks and functions of operational units, which are researched in the article, is made. The priorities of operational and service activities, which should be noticed by investigating and operational units of tax police of SFS territorial units. It is indicated that in the units of tax police of SFS bodies persons are selected from among a number of investigating units, authorized to perform prejudicial inquiry of criminal infractions in interrogation form both in a central apparatus and in territorial bodies. Because of the fact that an administrative and legal status of a body is determined by fundamental grounds of activity (functions, competence, rights, tasks), it is suggested to determine the results of fulfilment of the powers of the relevant bodies at the legislative level, i.e. to show the effectiveness of the work through the amount of damages and the number of prosecuted perpetrators, ensuring compensation for completed criminal proceedings. In the article the authors generalize the concept of administrative and legal status and consider the concept of defining the elements of the studied concept.
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