Over the years of practical use of absorption, various methods for calculating absorbers have been developed. Among others, the calculation of mass transfer processes was created based on the use of a so-called mass transfer coefficient β, showing how much mass of the target substance passes from the gas phase to the liquid one through a surface area unit per time unit. To determine β, empirical equations are used depending on their validity for a particular type of absorber and operating conditions given. However, these calculations are relatively complex and fail to be applicable to whatever absorber design used. The calculations of phase transitions using phase equilibrium constants do not depend on the design features of the equipment where mass transfer occurs. However, to date, the phase equilibrium theory has been applied to calculate the separation of a multicomponent mixture under no air condition; therefore, it could not be used to predict phase transitions when a gas-air mixture contacts a liquid absorber. Based on the theory of phase transitions, the authors developed a simplified method for predicting the degree of oil vapor recovery at absorption. The technique was successfully tested through calculating the efficiency of the jet absorption unit used to recover oil vapor. Also, the installation performance at absorbent replacement was simulated. The replacement of easily volatile oil used as a working fluid with oil of a lower saturated vapor pressure was shown to significantly increase the degree of hydrocarbon vapor recovery. The possibility of applying the technical solution is limited with the following conditions: low-volatile liquids used as absorbent cannot be highly viscous and have a high pour point; their quality should not deteriorate when absorbing oil vapor; the cost of replacing the working fluid should be reasonable.
All processes of turnover of oil and petroleum products are accompanied by the formation of various oilcontaining wastes, some of which are used petroleum products that have energy value. In addition, in the national economy, waste masses of other origin are formed, which also require disposal and/or incineration. During the reconstruction of the incinerator complex of Transneft - Port Primorsk, LLC, an energy - and resource-saving technology for thermal solid waste incineration was implemented. The KTO-100 unit was developed and put into operation, which burns used oil products and diesel as fuel. The heat obtained in the process of thermal incineration of waste enters the heat network of the site of treatment facilities for the company’s self-needs. The results of tests and control of the composition of industrial emissions of KTO-100 during the trial operation confirmed the stable indicators of the minimum (significantly lower than the current norms) concentrations of pollutants. The KTO-100 installation, implemented on the basis of Transneft - Primorsk Port, LLC, meets the criteria of the best available technology regulated at the federal level. During the reconstruction of the incinerator complex in Transneft - Port Primorsk, LLC, innovative materials were used and technical solutions were implemented in a combination that has no analogues in Russia today.
Все процессы оборота нефти и нефтепродуктов сопровождаются образованием различных нефтесодержащих отходов, часть которых составляют отработанные нефтепродукты, имеющие энергетическую ценность. Кроме того, в народном хозяйстве образуются массивы отходов иного происхождения, которые также требуют утилизации и/или обезвреживания. В процессе реконструкции инсинераторного комплекса ООО «Транснефть - Порт Приморск» реализована энерго- и ресурсосберегающая технология термического обезвреживания твердых отходов. Разработана и внедрена в эксплуатацию установка КТО-100, сжигающая в качестве топлива отработанные нефтепродукты и дизельное топливо. Теплота, полученная в процессе термического обезвреживания отходов, поступает в тепловую сеть участка очистных сооружений на собственные нужды предприятия. Результаты испытаний и контроля состава промышленных выбросов КТО-100 за время опытной эксплуатации подтвердили устойчивые показатели минимальных (существенно ниже действующих нормативов) концентраций загрязнителей. Установка КТО-100, реализованная на базе ООО «Транснефть - Порт Приморск», соответствует регламентированным на федеральном уровне критериям наилучшей доступной технологии. При реконструкции инсинераторного комплекса в ООО «Транснефть - Порт Приморск» применены инновационные материалы и реализованы технические решения в совокупности, которой на сегодня нет аналогов в России.
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