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The yttrium phosphate dihydrate YPO4·2H2O was synthesized by thin-layer technique, and its crystal structure was obtained from X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature. The structure of YPO4·2H2O was solved by direct methods and refined using the Rietveld analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with unit cell dimensions a = 6.15326(3), b = 14.99687(8), c = 5.57848(3) Å, β = 115.4319(4)º, V = 464.896(4) Å 3 , Z = 4. It has the gypsum-type crystal structure, with metal-phosphate 2D polymeric network, parallel to the ac plane. Water molecules, coordinated by the yttrium atoms, provide hydrogen bonding between the layers, resulting into a three-dimensional network. The crystal structure of YPO4·2H2O is compared with that of isotypic Y1-x(Gd,Dy,Er)xPO4·2H2O (x = 0.053), investigated earlier.

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