The results of our own and foreign studies have shown the absence of sensitizing properties of terephthalic acid, and therefore there was a need to review the current hygienic standard – MAC – in the air of the working area and change the hazard class of the substance. The materials of the German Research Community (DFG) were used for substantiation of MAC. Recommended MAC in the air of working area is set at 5 mg/m3 (maximum single), a mixture of vapors and aerosol, hazard class 3.
The article presents an overview of current issues of international regulation of the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) in food. Special attention is paid to the revision of the standards for the content of arsenic in rice, mercury in some types of fish, cadmium in chocolate, lead in meat, offal, and wine. A comparative analysis of the standards -permissible levels of content of heavy metals in food products in the EU and the Russian Federation is carried out.
Introduction. Replacing hazardous substances with less hazardous ones is a basic principle of any good chemical risk management. At the first stage of scientific research on the development of a national concept for the replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in the composition of products (food, synthetic detergents and household chemicals, pesticides, paints and varnishes, basic chemicals) with safer analogues, the purpose of the research was: •to study international and domestic approaches to the organization of monitoring and regulation of substances highly hazardous to human health and the environment; •analysis, selection and scientific substantiation of criteria for selecting chemicals for their replacement with safer analogues. Materials and methods. materials, used for the analysis were the literature sources from the bibliographic databases Web of Science, MedLine, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Scopus, RSCI. The guidelines and recommendations of the OECD, WHO, ILO, FAO, UNEP on the organization and implementation of monitoring of highly hazardous chemicals in environmental objects have been studied and analyzed. A number of international agreements are considered, which are based on criteria for prohibiting or restricting the use of substances on the market that cause an unacceptable risk. Results. An analysis of international approaches to the sound management of chemicals has shown that the identification of causal relationships between health and/or environmental conditions and exposure to a chemical factor is a trigger for the concept of substitution. In this regard, the tools and databases of socio-hygienic monitoring carried out by Rospotrebnadzor can serve as the basis for identifying highly hazardous substances that require management decisions to be made to ban, restrict circulation and replace them with safe analogues. The study of foreign and domestic materials on the selection of priority criteria for identifying substances of greatest concern for the purpose of risk assessment and further regulation showed that the following indicators are the main ones: •biological activity (carcinogens, mutagens, GHS class 1A and 1B reprotoxicants, endocrine disruptors), •stability in the environment, •bioaccumulative potential (bioconcentration factor BCF >2000, partition coefficient n-octanol/water Log Kow ≥ 4), •the possibility of cross-media transfer (air, water flows), •toxicity to representatives of aquatic biota (acute and chronic toxicity of hazard class 1 in accordance with GHS), •production volumes (volumes of emissions and discharges), •number of contacts.
Introduction. In recent years, due to the stricter requirements for compliance with the provisions of the Rotterdam Convention, the volume of export notifications on the permission to import dangerous chemicals into the Russian Federation has increased significantly. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to analyze the nomenclature, volume, toxicity and danger of industrial chemicals and pesticides entering the Russian market, despite prohibitions or restrictions on their use at the international and national levels. Materials and methods. The materials used are applications for the import of chemical products (export notifications) of the National Designated authorities of the European Union, China, Great Britain, Serbia to the Russian Register of Potentially Dangerous Chemical and Biological Substances-a branch of the Federal State Scientific Research Center named after F.F. Erisman - in the period from 2018 to 2020. The year 2019 was considered in the most detail. Results and discussion. The analysis of applications showed an ever-increasing number of chemical supplies; for example, 130 notifications were received in 2018, 539 in 2019, and 565 in 2020. In 2019, the number of tin compounds prevailed in the nomenclature of imported products to the territory of the Russian Federation. As for the substances from Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention, most of the imported chemicals by tonnage were substances included in this document - 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB), carbofuran, ethylene oxide, ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane), which are imported for industrial use, and not for use as pesticides, as they are declared in the convention. Chemicals and pesticides imported into the country under the PIC procedure, with the exception of numerous derivatives of dibutyl - and dioctyltin, creosote, have an established hygienic standard in at least one human habitat. In most cases, they are assigned to hazard classes 1 and 2 according to the maximum permissible concentration. Conclusion. Chemical products that are highly dangerous for human health and the environment, which are banned or severely restricted in many states, caused specific and long-term effects on the body, and having high toxicity to natural biota are used in the Russian Federation economy. In this regard, there is a need to develop regulatory decisions at the national level and within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Commission on the prohibition or restriction of the circulation of substances and pesticides characterized by an unacceptable risk of exposure.
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