The link between the health level of an employee and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional proof. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of developing emergency situations due to the fault of the human factor at nuclear facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system. In order to achieve the above goals of the organization in accordance with Federal Law No. 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of atomic energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination. In this study, the analysis of the results of psychophysiological examinations (hereinafter referred to as PPhE) of employees of atomic energy facilities, carried out by specialists of the A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre in 2020.
An in-depth analysis conducted on the historical background and current status of occupational medicine in Russia is presented. Scientific and practical bases of occupational medicine in the Russian Federation were based on 2 of the most important principles of health service: free medical care and its preventive orientation. Our analysis of the current situation in occupational medicine in modern Russia shows a transition from the vision of zero occupation-related harm to the strategy of recognizing, assessing, and managing occupational exposures. The system of workplace monitoring is developing successfully, with the creation of a federal database for the state of working conditions and the implementation of mechanisms for occupational risk assessment and management. However, at the same time, the system of medical surveillance for workers needs substantial reform. Over the past few years, the professional community of specialists in occupational medicine has taken several steps to improve the quality of its work. Understanding of the need for reforming the system of occupational medicine has continued to grow, which will improve the quality of medical monitoring for workers and extend professional longevity. Current challenges and prospects of occupational medicine in the Russian Federation are discussed.
For persons with occupational diseases who worked at enterprises and organizations served by medical institutions of the FMBA of the Russian Federation, it is relevant to assess their health, taking into account the impact of harmful chemical production factors that have become the causes of their occupational diseases. About 2/3 of cases of occupational diseases caused by chemical hazards are organophosphorus compounds (pesticides), beryllium and its compounds. Of the diseases of non-professional genesis, this group of persons has the highest prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, digestive and respiratory organs. Of the diseases of the circulatory system, the most commonly diagnosed diseases are those characterized by high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. The structure of diseases of the digestive system is dominated by diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, diseases of the gall bladder, biliary tract and pancreas. Dorsopathies are the most common within the musculoskeletal disorders; chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract – within the respiratory diseases.
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