The 3D printing technologies have appeared for a long time and are successfully used in a number of industries. The activities of many leading companies in the creation of layouts, models and prototypes of units, assemblies, products are practically not carried out without the use of 3D printing. The following are batch production technologies with high productivity combined with low cost, comparable to traditional methods of manufacturing products. The production of various products from silicate masses in an additive manner is seriously constrained by a number of issues due to the specifics of the material itself. One of them - achieving high physical and mechanical characteristics is possible only after hydration (for cements) or heat treatment (ceramic masses) of the product. Significant influence is exerted by the method of manufacturing the product. The most convenient and least energy-consuming method (in comparison with the powder 3D printing methods using laser sintering) is layer-by-layer slip casting or plastic extrusion, however, there are some unresolved problems. This paper highlights the key problems of using the additive method of manufacturing structural products on ceramic and hydration bonds using plastic and rigid masses in combination with vibration effects.
2016; 61: 5: 155-159. DOI: 10.21508/1027 61: 5: 155-159. DOI: 10.21508/ -4065-2016 Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare complication of liver diseases, resulting in lung perfusion disturbances and reduction of blood oxygenation. We report a case of hepatopulmonary syndrome in an 11-year-old-boy with congenital liver fibrosis.
The purpose of this article is to report a case of celiac disease in a child with uncommon presentation and severe complications, and briefly review recent literature regarding celiac disease complications in children. We describe a case report of celiac disease in a child (to our knowledge, this is the first to be reported in its unique presentation in the Russian Federation) and precisely review its presenting complications with the exiting works of literature. Many cases of celiac disease in children who are not diagnosed and treated properly suffer from a plethora of complications due to malabsorption and concurrent autoimmune reactions that affect mainly but are not limited to the endocrine system. Complications of celiac disease in children should always be suspected, and evidence-based follow-up recommendations should be introduced as soon as possible because the burden of celiac disease complications in children is remarkable.
Malnutrition is a common problem in children with congenital heart defects, regardless of the type of defect and the presence / absence of cyanosis. Children born with heart defects form a high-risk group of nutritional deficiency. Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects is often accompanied by metabolic changes and increased needs of energy and protein. Correction of nutritional status in children with congenital heart diseases improves the condition of patients after cardiac surgery. The purpose of our study was to assess the nutritional status of children with congenital heart defects hospitalized to the cardiac surgery department, and to correct their enteral nutrition. The authors analyzed anthropometric data on the Z-score (weight – age) of children admitted to the department for examination and correction of heart disease. The authors concluded that there is need for further studies to assess the impact of changes in nutritional status on the incidence and mortality of patients with congenital heart defects and the possibility of optimal correction of nutritional status.
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