Nowadays, in the presence of wide diagnostic possibilities, laboratory diagnostics of microecological disorders of vaginal biotope are often limited to clinical data, microscopic examination results and the use of a culture method. However, with such a complex it is impossible to get an answer about the functional activity of microorganisms. The aim of investigation was to evaluate the information content of a combined study of growth parameters and the ability to produce lactic acid by clinical strains of Lactobacillus spp. to characterize the state of the microecology of the cervical-vaginal biotope. Materials and methods. Studied the growth kinetics of strains of lactobacilli isolated from the detachable posterior vaginal fornix. The concentration of lactic acid in the medium was determined using the “Lactic Acid - Olvex” kit (Russia). Samples were taken every 12 hours of cultivation. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test. Results. It has been shown that 44% of Lactobacillus spp. to 72 hours of cultivation did not reach the phase of exponential growth. The remaining strains from 12-24 hours passed into the phase of exponential growth. In the production of lactic acid, the strains that are in the lag-phase did not differ from each other, since they practically did not synthesize this metabolite. Among the remaining strains that are in the phase of exponential growth, some did not produce lactic acid, others increased their lactate production every hour. Part of the strains reached the peak of acid production by 36 hours and by 72 hours some decrease in synthetic activity was observed. Conclusion. It has been shown that for most vaginal strains of Lactobacillus spp. characteristic variability of the duration of the adaptation period and the level of functional activity. In addition, only a small number of clinical strains produced lactic acid 24 hours after the start of cultivation. Therefore, to adequately assess the microecological status of the vaginal biotope, microscopic examination of both native material and cultures isolated on special nutrient media is not enough. It seems that, along with the use of modern methods of genetic analysis, the determination of in vitro growth characteristics, primarily lag-phase duration, and lactate production by lactic acid bacteria strains can clarify many issues related to the formation of dysbiotic states, in particular, in the vaginal biotope, and will also serve to increase the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment.
Microorganisms are able to form biofilms on surfaces of biotic and abiotic nature. In turn, in human biotopes there are optimal conditions for the implementation of biofilm-forming activity. Moreover, in medical practice, polymeric materials are often used for drainage or prosthetics, which can also be successfully colonized by bacteria. However, in laboratory practice, the formation of biofilms is usually evaluated on glass or polystyrene. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the methodological features of studying the biofilm-forming activity of microorganisms on the surface of synthetic polymeric materials. We used strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli K-12, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, as well as synthetic polymeric materials - DentLight Flow light-curing composite material (nano-hybrid fluid composite; Russia), glass ionomer chemical curing Fuji 1 (Japan), cement for temporary fixation of orthopedic constructions TempBond NE (USA), acrylic, polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride. The formation of biofilms in flat-bottomed ELISA plates in this study was considered as a control group. If the polymer belonged to cold curing materials, sterile flat-bottomed tablets were used, the bottom of which was filled with a thin layer of plastic. After hardening of the plastic, biofilms were formed in the tablets. In the second series of experiments, hot cured materials cut into equal parts 5×5×1 mm in size were placed in the wells of a plate and again used to determine biofilm formation with subsequent coloring. To extract the dye, the pieces were transferred to a new plate to exclude the amount of film biomass formed on the walls of the plate wells. In both cases, cultivation was carried out at 37° C for 24-48 hours. The biomass of the film was stained with fuchsin. Statistical data processing was performed using t-Student criterion. For the threshold level of significance, the value p <0.05 was taken. It is established that the proposed options for determining biofilm forming ability are available and indicative. It was revealed that the same microorganisms have individual biofilm formation indicators for each polymer material. The light curing dental composite and polyvinyl chloride exhibit the more pronounced antiadhesive properties than cements and polyurethane. Up to date, most of the studies of biofilm formation have been carried out using glass or polystyrene, which, as a rule, are not used for the manufacture of prostheses, catheters, drains, etc., which makes it difficult to assess the true film-forming activity of microorganisms. The proposed methodological approaches, especially the second option for preparing testing samples, solve this problem. In general, the proposed approaches to testing biofilm-forming activity on polymers are very simple to implement and generally available. For an adequate study of the biofilms formation, it will be advisable to use polymer materials, directly used in medicine, rather than polystyrene tablets, the material of which is found exclusively in laboratory practice.
Реферат. Цель исследования -изучение особенностей многолетней заболеваемости и состава микрофлоры мокроты при внебольничных пневмониях у сотрудников Министерства внутренних дел России по Пермскому краю. Материал и методы. Проведено изучение проявлений эпидемического процесса внебольничной пневмонии у сотрудников Министерства внутренних дел России по Пермскому краю. При изучении этиологии пневмонии использовали микробиологическое исследование 560 образцов мокроты. Статистическая обработка данных производилась с помощью t-критерия Стьюдента и коэффициента корреляции Спирмана. Результаты и их обсуждение. В ходе проведенных исследований показано, что заболеваемость внебольничной пневмонией сотрудниками Министерства внутренних дел России по Пермскому краю имеет ряд особенностей. Наблюдается изменение спектра микроорганизмов, вызывающих заболевание. Так, в подавляющем большинстве случаев пневмония была вызвана представителями рода Streptococcus с достаточно малой долей S. pneumoniae. По-казана существенная роль дрожжеподобных грибков рода Candida и представителей рода Staphylococcus в развитии заболевания. Более чем в половине случаев были выделены микробные ассоциации, представленные преимущественно грамположительными кокками. В свою очередь, рост заболеваемости коррелирует с ростом выделения энтерококков и энтеробактерий. Выводы. В целом наблюдается тенденция роста заболеваемости внебольничной пневмонией, что может быть связано с изменениями в этиологической структуре возбудителей заболевания, а также формированием патосимбиоза ряда условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Ключевые слова: внебольничная пневмония, патосимбиоз, эпидемический процесс, микробные ассоциации. Russia, 614000, Perm, Permskaya str., 128, e-mail: medmicrobiolog@gmail.com Perm region, Russia, 614000, Perm, Permskaya str., 128, e-mail: medmicrobiolog@gmail Russia, 614000, Perm, Permskaya str., 128, e-mail: medmicrobiolog@gmail.com Abstract. Aim. The features of the long-term morbidity and sputum microflora composition in community-acquired pneumonia in employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Perm region have been studied. Material and methods. The manifestations of the epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia in employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Perm region have been analysed. Microbiological examination of 560 sputum SELECTED EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MORBIDITY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA BABUSHKIN SERGEY A., Head of the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Medical Care unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Perm region, IVENSKIKH VIKTOR I., Head of the Department of epidemiology of the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Medical Care unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the
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