An overview of the results of studies on prolactin (PRL) is given. The molecular and genetic characteristics of PRL and its receptor (PRLR) are presented. The PRLR polymorphism in patients with tumors of the breast is described. Synthesized analogues of human PRL inhibited its peripheral effects. The vegetative nervous system modulate PRL secretion. PRL is a risk factor for breast and prostate cancer. The signaling mechanisms of PRL and its possible clinical use in therapy of breast cancer are characterized.
The aim—to characterize violations of the motor function of the biliary system in PSC in the clinic and experiment; to reveal the morphological correspondence of the studied pathology model.Materials and methods. Under observation were 20 patients with PSC in whom the motor function of the biliary system in the clinic was studied electromyographically. The frequency and amplitude of slow waves and spikes, the power of phase and tonic contractions were recorded on the EMG curve. PLC was simulated in 28 rats when 0.1 ml of picrylsulfonic acid was retrogradely injected into the common bile duct.Results. Electromyography of the common bile duct revealed an increase in the tone of circular muscles, a proportional increase in the power of phase and tonic contractions of the gallbladder with a decrease in the amplitude characteristics of spike activity. When simulating PSC, inhibition of EMG of the common bile duct and the detection of fibrosis of the type “bulbous husk” were noted.Conclusions. A decrease in the propulsive activity of the common bile duct in patients was found. The PSC model corresponds to the characteristics of this disease in the clinic.
The muscular layer of the esophagus has two types of muscle [1]. The upper third of the esophagus is consist of striated muscle, the lower third is consist of smooth muscle, and the middle third is consist of a mixture of both [2]. The esophageal muscles are arranged in two layers: one in which
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