The problem of treating patients with malignant neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the large duodenal papilla remains relevant due to the growing incidence, high mortality, and a pronounced decrease in the quality of life of patients, despite the radical surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in inoperable patients with malignant tumors of these localizations.The study is based on the treatment of 79 patients with adenocarcinoma of large duodenal papilla and extrahepatic bile ducts. 29 patients received palliative bile drainage operations with PDT. 50 patients in the control group only had palliative bile drainage operations. Patients in the study group received from 1 to 3 PDT courses in a year. In total, 29 patients received 52 PDT courses. The tolerance to the method and the life expectancy of patients were evaluated. The median survival of patients who underwent PDT was 18 months (11–60 months); in the control group – 11.5 months. PDT, in combination with bile drainage operation, is an effective method for the treatment of inoperable patients with malignant neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the large duodenal papilla in the absence of severe complications and with easy tolerance to therapy by patients. For the treatment and prolongation of life of patients whose radical surgical treatment is associated with a high risk of death, PDT seems to be the best treatment option. Results of PDT treatment for cancer of this localization are comparable with the results of radical surgeries and exceed those for palliative surgeries.
Rationale: Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for diffuse end-stage liver disease and some liver neoplasms. The amount of these interventions in the Moscow Region is very low.Aim: To analyze the results of the first series of liver transplantations done in the Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), to compare it with those done currently in Russia and worldwide, and to establish the optimal volume and trend of development for this new regional center.Materials and methods: More than 200 patients with liver cirrhosis, polycystosis and alveococcus invasion have been examined from May 2016 to August 2018; 70 of them were eligible for liver transplantation and were put on the waiting list. From October 2016 to July 2018, 29 liver transplantations from deceased donors (including 2 retransplantations) and one living related transplantation of the right lobe have been performed. Among the indications to the transplantation, the leading one was viral (HCV or HBV-related) cirrhosis. Four patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma.Results: The waitlist mortality was 19%. Median waiting time was 5.5 [3; 9] (0 to 27) months. Until now, the results were followed till 22 months, with median follow-up of 7 [2; 13] months. The survival rate of the recipients was 96.4%, of the grafts 93.3%. In-patient mortality was 3.6%. Early allograft dysfunction was seen in 33% of cases. Median length of the in-hospital stay was 22 [19; 25] days.Conclusion: The successful implementation of the liver transplant program at its initial stage demonstrates the results that meet current efficacy criteria. Achieved level of organ procurement from deceased donors in the Moscow Region could ensure at least 30 liver transplantations annually, with current facilities and a potential for further growth. An increase in the transplantation number would depend on the improvement of transplantation service facilities in MONIKI and on the stable financial support of the program. Finally, it would promote increased availability of this transplantation technology in the region, lower waitlist mortality and shorter waiting times.
Актуальность. Новые методы экстракорпоральной гемокоррекции и детоксикации при печеночной недостаточности у больных с механической желтухой нуждаются в оценке эффективности и безопасности, особенно на фоне исходной гипокоагуляции и системного введения гепарина. Цель-оценка эффективности плазмосорбции на колонке Plasorba BR-350 при печеночной недостаточности у больных с механической желтухой.
The report is based on the results of treatment of 116 patients with severe purulent-destructive abdominal cavity diseases and 320 patients with liver failure due to bile ducts obturation. Along with surgical operations, methods of organism extracorporeal detoxication-haemosorption, exchange plasmapheresis, autoblood ultraviolet irradiation--were used in all patients either in isolation or in combination with each other. Toxical metabolites concentration, blood integral toxicity, peptids with mean molecular weight concentration, liver profile enzimes activity, lipid metabolism indices, general and liver haemodynamics and electroencephalogram were studied. On the basis of correlations between indices obtained by the method of extreme grouping factors-syndromes were formed, and then in accordance with a special program summary evaluation of detoxication was calculated in marks. A drop in lethality by 28.3% was ensured, as well as a drop in postoperatyonal liver failure by 51.4%.
РезюмеОбоснование: Опухоль Клацкина -холангиокарцинома долевых и общего печеночного протоков (рак ворот печени), локализующаяся проксимальнее места слияния общего печеночного и пузырного протоков (до начала сегментарных печеночных протоков второго порядка). В настоящее время в комплексной терапии пациентов с неоперабельными стадиями внепеченочной холангиокарциномы рекомендовано использование фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ), что достоверно увеличивает продолжительность жизни в сравнении с изолированной паллиативной терапией.Описание клинического случая: Представленный клинический случай демонстрирует успешное применение ФТД у пациентки с холангиокарциномой бифуркации общего печеночного протока T4N1M1, Bismuth-IV в сочетании с наружным дренированием желчных протоков с целью разрешения механической желтухи.Заключение: Показан значительный эффект ФТД у пациентки с неоперабельной опухолью Клацкина. Применение ФТД увеличивает продолжительность жизни в сравнении со средней выживаемостью на фоне проведения паллиативной терапии.Ключевые слова: Клинический случай, фотодинамическая терапия, внепеченочная холангиокарцинома Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.Странадко Евгений Филиппович, д. м. н., профессор, руководитель отделения лазерной онкологии и фотодинамической терапии Лобаков Александр Иванович, д. м. н., профессор кафедры хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей Морохотов Владимир Александрович, доцент кафедры хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей, врач-хирург Рябов Михаил Владимирович, к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отделения лазерной онкологии и фотодинамической терапии Карпов Николай Владимирович, младший научный сотрудник, врач-хирург Морозов Сергей Валентинович, д. м. н., профессор кафедры хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей, врачхирург, онколог Шубин Валерий Константинович, научный сотрудник, врач-хирург Богомазов Юрий Константинович, к. м. н., врач-колопроктолог
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