Purpose. To improve the efficiency of blasting operations in mines taking into consideration the upgrading of equipment used to charge blastholes as well as application of high-productive mining equipment of new generation. Methods.The activities used mine experimental pressure-charged blasts to break oversize material as well as mine experimental analysis of blasthole charging to estimate the improvement of efficiency of the emulsion explosives (EEs).Findings. It has сbeen determined that both sticked and bulk emulsion explosives of Ukrainit-PP-2 type as well as new options of charging facilities have following technological characteristics: availability of unique space-saving designs of two-component piston dosing pumps of double-action EE components; sufficiently high efficiency of blasthole charging being up to 60 kg of EE/min; ease of service and maintenance; rather long overhaul period of EE components as for the dosing pump as well as cheapness of attachable equipment; availability of both electronic and visual means to control EE preparation and charging.Originality. It has been proved that the improvement of blasting operations in mines results from the intensified technological processes of blasthole charging characterized by the use of such high-productive self-propelled and space-saving facilities of new generation as machines of ZEVS-1 model and portable charges of ZEP-15 type as well as the use of such environmentally friendly bulk trinitrotoluene-free emulsion explosives as Ukrainit-PP-2.Practical implications. Use of EEs in the process of mine blasting operations provides safety, high-quality rock breakage and fragmentation in the context of minimum toxicity of rock, breakage of rocks having any hardness and water content. Moreover, their use is economically efficient.
The article analyzes the current state and prospects for utilization of a hydrocarbon component dissolved in oil and released during its extraction and preparation -associated petroleum gas (APG). The authors studied the properties, characteristics and component composition of APG.The analysis of the APG use at the international and regional levels is carried out. The main causes of flaring were discussed and the shortage of production capacities for APG processing in the Russian Federation was noted as one of the main factors in the high level of APG flaring in the country.The paper notes possible ways of utilization of associated petroleum gas, which depend on oil production conditions, such as field characteristics, oil/gas ratio (gas-oil factor), and market opportunities for recovered gas. An overview of all APG utilization methods are presented, which focuses on unit costs, economic benefits and environmental impact reduction. The authors analyzed the innovative experience of effective APG use in the USA and Canada. Special attention is paid to the need to solve the problem of the effective use of APG in the Russian Federation, especially the reduction of its burning in flare plants.
Modern results of a research of questions of fight against virus epidemics which existed at the time of society of hunters and collectors are presented. Modern concepts epidemic and pandemics are opened. The historical information on epidemics of the ancient world is supplied. Factors which caused emergence of epidemics and pandemics are described. Difficult natural (global climate change) also the socio-economic factors leading to increase in number of populations of carriers of viral diseases are the main reasons for emergence of these phenomena. The world map characterizing the epidemiological events which took place in the certain countries is submitted. The analysis of researches of a problem is carried out and its results are presented. The possibility of transfer of viruses and emergence of epidemics and pandemics not only with migration of people, but also seasonal migrations, first of all, migratory birds is opened. Functions and possibilities of reproduction of pathogenic viruses and also the main ways of transfer of viruses from one organism to another are characterized. The recommendations about COVID-19 developed by the Center of the USA on control and prevention of diseases are opened. The complex of actions promoting the termination of virus epidemics to which vaccination of the population special medicines, self-isolation and various social restrictions and also broad use of digital (electronic) technologies belongs is described.
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