It is well-known [1, 2] that lithium compounds have a strong effect on the process of formation of boron nitride by the carbothermal method from highly dispersed charges produced by the dissolution method. It is therefore interesting to examine the effect of these compounds on the formation and ordering of the structure of boron nitride in other methods of preparation.Investigations were carried out into the process of nitriding boron and a mixture of boric acid with soot in the presence of lithium compounds. Initial substances were amorphous boron with a purity of 98.6, boric acid of ChDA grade, grade 514 soot, grade ChDA lithium carbonate and hydroxyl, and dried nitrogen and ammonia. Charges were prepared by mixing the components by the dried method. The ratio of the boric acid and soot in the charges was constant (7:2), and the concentration of the addition was varied in the range from 1 to 58% (by mass). Nitriding was carried out in the temperature range 800-1500°C in a gas flow with an optimum speed of 2 litres/h. Temperature was measured with a platinum-platinum/rhodium thermocouple and regulated using an Sh-4501 device. Nitriding products were examined by chemical and x-ray analysis and also electron microscopy.
Purpose. To improve the efficiency of blasting operations in mines taking into consideration the upgrading of equipment used to charge blastholes as well as application of high-productive mining equipment of new generation. Methods.The activities used mine experimental pressure-charged blasts to break oversize material as well as mine experimental analysis of blasthole charging to estimate the improvement of efficiency of the emulsion explosives (EEs).Findings. It has сbeen determined that both sticked and bulk emulsion explosives of Ukrainit-PP-2 type as well as new options of charging facilities have following technological characteristics: availability of unique space-saving designs of two-component piston dosing pumps of double-action EE components; sufficiently high efficiency of blasthole charging being up to 60 kg of EE/min; ease of service and maintenance; rather long overhaul period of EE components as for the dosing pump as well as cheapness of attachable equipment; availability of both electronic and visual means to control EE preparation and charging.Originality. It has been proved that the improvement of blasting operations in mines results from the intensified technological processes of blasthole charging characterized by the use of such high-productive self-propelled and space-saving facilities of new generation as machines of ZEVS-1 model and portable charges of ZEP-15 type as well as the use of such environmentally friendly bulk trinitrotoluene-free emulsion explosives as Ukrainit-PP-2.Practical implications. Use of EEs in the process of mine blasting operations provides safety, high-quality rock breakage and fragmentation in the context of minimum toxicity of rock, breakage of rocks having any hardness and water content. Moreover, their use is economically efficient.
The purpose of the study is to reveal specific features of modern EU innovation policy in the context of its focus on sustainable European development and to conduct an assessment of the parameters of national innovation ecosystems of the EU member states with different innovation potential and Ukraine from the standpoint of their influence on the innovative development of countries worldwide. With the use of the correlation-regression analysis, the hypothesis of changing the parameters of national innovation ecosystems that affect the innovation of the EU member states and Ukraine in the global context depending on the level of their productivity and innovation potential was reiterated. The factors that have the greatest impact on the ranking of the countries in the Global Innovation Index, depending on which group the countries under study belong to according to the classification of the European Innovation Scoreboard, were identified. It was revealed that the set of such factors in each group of countries varies and has a different degree of influence on the level of their innovation development. Based on the results of the assessment, taking into account the need for a speedy post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, policy recommendations were made for Ukraine. Their implementation will ensure the systemic influence of the state on the national innovation ecosystem of the country.
A comprehensive study was conducted in the direction of research and institutional support and comparison with the nearest neighbour - Poland, to determine the current state and justify strategic scenarios for Ukraine's integration into the research, educational and innovation spaces of the EU as a source of proactive sustainable innovative development. Analysis of the use of foresight technology to determine the possible future, create the desired image of the future and determine strategies to achieve it using methods developed in various research areas revealed that its application makes sense in determining long-term factors, trends and directions of national economies. That is, in foresighting, in contrast to forecasting, the emphasis is made on qualitative rather than quantitative results, which does not provide the expected targeted policy of the state, because it does not give clear, concrete results of actions - quantitative strategic benchmarks, monitoring which would control the process of these areas' development. The disadvantages of foresighting methods that limit its application are identified. Scientific substantiation of strategic scenarios of European integration of Ukrainian and Polish research, education and innovation spaces is based on the concept of sustainable development, which is grounded on applied systems theory, management theory and economic cybernetics and comprises the stages of identifying and strategizing. Identification is carried out taking into account the definition of the safe existence boundaries and simultaneous norming and integrated convolution of indicators and thresholds of education and innovation. Comparison on one scale of integrated indices of education and innovation makes it possible to carry out the goal-setting stage, identify possible strategic development scenarios and build the desired development trajectories, i.e., to implement the principle of strategizing "the future is determined by the trajectory into future." Thus, knowledge of the desired values of integrated indices in each year makes it possible, through their decomposition by the method of adaptive regulation from the management theory, to justify the values of indicators that provide the desired growth trajectory and achieve certain goals of research, educational and innovative spaces of Ukraine and Poland.
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